微量营养素作为环境毒性相关疾病解毒剂的分子和细胞基础--聚焦尼日利亚

O. Sonuga, G. O. Anetor, A. Sonuga, N. L. Nwobi, O. Aruoma, J. Anetor
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引用次数: 0

摘要

环境是生物体的可持续性和生命所需要的生物和非生物环境的总和。空气、水、食物和整个环境受到污染的来源有几个,变得不健康。人类活动导致有害分子的产生,这些有害分子在环境中积累,容易对人类健康造成不利影响。有几种污染物存在或释放到环境中,包括持久性有机污染物、有毒金属、碳氢化合物、农药,通常通过产生活性氧、活性氮和自由基引起氧化应激,破坏细胞的DNA、蛋白质和脂质结构,最终导致各种疾病,特别是癌症和发育障碍等非传染性疾病。良好的抗氧化状态被认为可以保护人体健康,通过氧化还原和分子机制增强对疾病的抵抗力或改善预后。尽管治疗方案仍然在全球卫生系统中占据重要地位,特别是在非洲,但科学进步提供了令人信服的证据,表明迫切需要更好地了解抗氧化系统及其在加强人体防御机制方面的应用。基于可靠的科学原理,一种实用的方法是通过饮食和/或药物作为化学预防或生物干预(生物活性),摄入调节宿主防御机制的保护因子,主要是抗氧化系统。微量营养素是一组多样的物质,包括维生素和微量矿物质,在信号转导和遗传信号传导中作为辅助因子和酶发挥重要作用。这些有益的生物分子效应是通过调节几个重要的信号通路来发挥的。微量营养素包括有效的非酶抗氧化剂,如维生素C、维生素E、类胡萝卜素、类维生素a、硫醇、天然类黄酮等,以及微量元素,如铜、锰、锌、硒和铁,它们作为控制抗氧化酶活性的辅助因素发挥着重要作用。认识到主要多功能微量营养素的潜力是至关重要的,在非洲,特别是尼日利亚,应加以利用,至少在一定程度上作为预防和管理疾病的一种积极和经济的办法。这篇文章强调了尼日利亚等资源有限的国家普遍存在的严重的环境污染,由于逐步工业化和随之而来的后遗症或后果,以及如何通过基于其分子细胞和生化活性的抗氧化剂来减轻它们;因此,为维持尼日利亚和全球人口的健康提供了一种务实、经济和可持续的办法,这是可选的。
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Molecular and cellular basis of micronutrients as antidotes to environmental toxicity related disorders - Nigeria in focus
The environment is the totality of the living and non-living surroundings of an organism needed for sustainability and life. There are several sources by which the air, water, food, and the whole environment gets polluted, becoming unhealthy for living. Human activities result in the generation of harmful molecules that accumulate in the environment predisposing to adverse human health. There are several contaminants present or released to the environment ranging from persistent organic pollutants, toxic metals, hydrocarbons, pesticides and generally induce oxidative stress from the generation of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and free radicals, damaging DNA, protein and lipid structures of the cell, ultimately resulting in various diseases, especially noncommunicable diseases such as cancers and development disorders. A favorable antioxidant status is considered protective of human health, enhancing resistance to disease or improving prognosis through redox and molecular mechanisms. Although therapeutic regimens still occupy pride of place in the global health systems, especially in Africa, advances in science provide compelling evidence of the urgent need to have a better understanding of the antioxidant system and its application in reinforcing human defense mechanisms. A pragmatic approach based on sound scientific principles is to adopt the intake of protective factors modulating host defense mechanisms largely antioxidant systems by employing dietary and/or pharmaceutical agents as chemopreventive or biological interventions (bio-actives). Micronutrients are a diverse group of substances including vitamins and micro-minerals which play a significant role as cofactors and enzymes in signal transduction and genetic signaling. These beneficial bio-molecular effects are exerted through the modulation of several important signaling pathways. Micronutrients include potent non-enzymatic antioxidants such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, carotenoids, retinoids, thiols, natural flavonoids, among others, and trace elements such as copper, manganese, zinc, selenium, and iron which play a significant role as co-factors for the control of the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Recognition of the potential of prime poly-functional micronutrients is pivotal and should be harnessed in Africa, especially Nigeria, at least in part as a proactive and economical approach to disease prevention and management. This article highlights the serious prevalent environmental pollution in resource-limited nations like Nigeria, due to progressive industrialization and attendant sequelae or consequences, and how they can be mitigated by antioxidants based on their molecular cellular and biochemical activities; thus providing a pragmatic economic and sustainable approach to maintaining the health of the population in Nigeria and in the global population optional.
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