通过改革治理,建设可持续、有韧性和宜居的城市

IF 2.4 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Frontiers in Sustainable Cities Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI:10.3389/frsc.2023.1171996
C. D. Rogers, Nick Grayson, Jonathan P. Sadler, Lee Chapman, C. Bouch, Marianna Cavada, J. Leach
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在自然资本稳步下降、人们普遍认识到必须在自然无法自我恢复之前扭转这一趋势的背景下,城市可以发挥至关重要的作用。英国政府委托对生物多样性的价值进行了一项全面的研究,并延伸到自然界,强调了“为什么我们应该改变我们的方式”——然而缺少的是“如何改变”。本文独特地描述了“如何?”,并结论性地证明了在城市中实施它的显著效益。对这一进程至关重要的是,英国议会的一项调查揭示了自然在经济中变得不可见,但自然提供的生态系统服务对人类和经济都有巨大的好处。因此,将城市绿地和自然融入人们的生活以及他们生活、工作和休闲的地方至关重要。此外,大自然不能提供的东西必须由工程系统提供,而这些都有经济成本;换句话说,利用大自然提供的资源可以节省大量的成本。为了解决这些问题,本文是20年来关于如何在构成我们城市的复杂系统的系统中实现革命性变革的研究组合中的权威论文,同时对治理的许多不同方面进行了至关重要的深入研究——这是基础设施和城市变革理论和实践的基础方法的创造、测试和有效性证明链条中的最后一环。这一研究组合对伯明翰的影响是双重的:将自然环境考虑置于城市所有决策的核心的明星框架,以及成功申办英国最大的未来公园加速器奖。虽然两者都以不同的方式进行变革,但相互支持,后者使设计一套系统干预成为可能,伯明翰绿色空间的价值估计从110亿英镑上升到144亿英镑——这是该研究将伯明翰城市绿色空间概念化为“商业”(及其相关的商业模式)的显著投资回报。在实现这一点的过程中,系统地思考和实践的必要促成因素,跨学科边界的无缝工作,对所有涉众的愿望和定义“问题”的上下文的异常强烈的关注,以及对现在和未来提出的系统干预的测试,都被迭代地结合起来。然而,确定干预措施提供的全部价值创造机会,将其形成替代商业模式以支持变革的案例,并确保它们与产生所寻求的深刻结果的治理的所有维度协同作用,这是关键的使能步骤。
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Delivering sustainable, resilient and liveable cities via transformed governance
In the context of steadily declining Natural Capital and universal recognition of the imperative to reverse this trend before we get to the point that nature is not able to restore itself, cities have a crucial role to play. The UK Government commissioned a comprehensive study into the value of biodiversity, and by extension nature, reinforcing “why we should change our ways”—yet what is missing is the “how?”. This paper uniquely describes both the “how?” and a conclusive demonstration of the remarkable benefits of implementing it in a city. Critical to this process, it took a UK Parliamentary Inquiry to reveal that nature has become invisible within the economy, yet the ecological ecosystem services nature provides have enormous benefits to both people and the economy. Therefore integration—or seamless weaving—of urban greenspace and nature into people's lives and the places where they live, work, and spend their leisure time is vital. Moreover, what nature does not provide must be provided by engineered systems, and these have an economic cost; put another way, there are enormous cost savings to be made by taking advantage of what nature provides. In addressing these issues, this paper is the definitive paper from a 20-year portfolio of research on how to bring about transformative change in the complex system-of-systems that make up our cities, providing as it does the crucial in-depth research into the many diverse strands of governance—the last link in a chain of the creation, testing and proof of efficacy of methodologies underpinning a theory and practice of change for infrastructure and cities. The impact of this portfolio of research on Birmingham is two-fold: the Star Framework that placed natural environment considerations at the heart of all decision-making in the city, and the successful bid for the largest of the UK Future Parks Accelerator awards. While both are transformative in their different ways, yet mutually supportive, the latter enabled the design of a suite of system interventions from which the value of Birmingham's greenspaces is estimated to rise from £11.0 billion to £14.4 billion—a remarkable return on investment from the research's conceptualization of Birmingham's urban greenspace as a “business” (with its associated business models). In achieving this, the necessary enablers of thinking and practicing systemically, seamlessly working across disciplinary boundaries, an unusually strong focus on both the aspirations of all stakeholders and the context in question to define “the problem,” and the testing of proposed system intervention(s) both now and in the future have been iteratively combined. However, it is the critical enabling steps of identifying the complete range of value-generating opportunities that the interventions offer, formulating them into alternative business models to underpin the case for change and ensuring that they are synergistic with all the dimensions of governance that yielded the profound outcomes sought.
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CiteScore
4.00
自引率
7.10%
发文量
176
审稿时长
13 weeks
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