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Biodiversity and quality of urban green landscape affect mental restorativeness of residents in Multan, Pakistan 生物多样性和城市绿化景观质量影响巴基斯坦木尔坦居民的精神恢复能力
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1286125
Zainab Rehman, Muhammad Zubair, Dalia Osama Hafiz, S. Manzoor
The influence of urban green spaces on public health is receiving unprecedented attention. Managing urban greenspaces sustainably requires an understanding of the mechanisms behind the positive effects of urban biodiversity on the wellbeing of residents. Urban parks could improve mental restoration of park users. The restoration potential may be influenced by the biophysical characteristics of the park.This study aimed to understand two aspects of urban parks in Multan, Pakistan: (a) How does the perception of biodiversity and the quality of urban parks relate to mental restorativeness of park visitors? (b) What are the determinants of respondents' willingness to pay for the conservation and management of park biodiversity and quality in urban parks? Data were collected from October 2021 to December 2021 through a cross-sectional survey in which 550 park visitors were interviewed from six randomly selected urban parks in Multan. Multiple linear regression analysis, a binary logistic model, and a chi-square test were applied to analyze the data.The study empirically highlights the positive contribution of park visits to mental restorativeness. Biodiversity and quality were positively correlated with the mental restorativeness of park visitors. Sixty-two percent (62%) of the visitors were reluctant to pay, whereas 38% were ready to pay between Rs. 850/3.7$ and Rs. 1,700/7.4$ each year. Education, occupation, and monthly income significantly positively affected the respondent's WTP attitudes. The study highlights the importance of using urban parks as tools to promote mental restorativeness, combat social stress, and increase urban vegetation cover.
城市绿地对公众健康的影响正受到前所未有的关注。要对城市绿地进行可持续管理,就必须了解城市生物多样性对居民健康产生积极影响的机制。城市公园可以改善公园使用者的精神恢复。本研究旨在了解巴基斯坦木尔坦城市公园的两个方面:(a) 对生物多样性和城市公园质量的认知与公园游客的心理恢复能力有何关系?(b) 受访者愿意为保护和管理城市公园的生物多样性和质量付费的决定因素是什么?数据收集于 2021 年 10 月至 2021 年 12 月,通过横断面调查从木尔坦市随机抽取的 6 个城市公园中采访了 550 名公园游客。研究采用了多元线性回归分析、二元逻辑模型和卡方检验来分析数据。生物多样性和质量与公园游客的精神恢复能力呈正相关。62%的游客不愿付费,38%的游客愿意每年支付 850 卢比/3.7 美元至 1,700 卢比/7.4 美元。教育程度、职业和月收入对受访者的 WTP 态度有明显的积极影响。这项研究强调了将城市公园作为促进精神恢复、消除社会压力和增加城市植被覆盖的工具的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The presence of polluting sites in urban contexts: an analysis of the effects on the dynamics of the residential real estate market 城市中污染场地的存在:对住宅房地产市场动态的影响分析
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1314967
F. Tajani, P. Morano, F. Di Liddo, D. Anelli, Francesco Sica
The industrial activity constitutes one of the most driving sectors of a nation, as it is often considered at the center of public debate as the fulcrum of development policies. However, considering the climate impacts generated, many industries have necessarily changed, relocated, and/or interrupted their production. Due to the connection of industrial sites with the socio-economic, environmental, and health systems of cities, the real estate market dynamics can be differently affected by the presence of polluting industrial sites. With reference to the Italian context, the goal of the research is to, firstly, verify whether there is a functional relationship between the presence of polluting industrial sites and the residential real estate market dynamics, for then determining its type and the extent of purchase price affection.The proposed logical-evaluative model is based on the application of an econometric technique for investigating the significance of the industrial sites on the residential real estate dynamics through a set of technological, locational, and health variables.The obtained results show that the total surface area of the polluting sites, the activity level and the industrial plant opening date are among the most relevant variables, instead the accessibility to the industrial site does not influence the real estate market dynamics.The main practical implication of the present research consists of the possibility to provide a support for the activation of strategies aimed at adopting sustainable development models in the industrial sector.
工业活动是一个国家最具推动力的部门之一,因为它经常被视为公众辩论的中心,是发展政策的支点。然而,考虑到所产生的气候影响,许多工业不得不改变、迁移和/或中断生产。由于工业用地与城市的社会经济、环境和卫生系统相关联,房地产市场的动态会受到污染性工业用地的不同影响。参照意大利的情况,研究的目标首先是验证污染性工业用地的存在与住宅房地产市场动态之间是否存在功能关系,然后确定其类型和购买价格的影响程度。所提出的逻辑评估模型基于计量经济学技术的应用,通过一系列技术、地点和健康变量来研究工业用地对住宅房地产动态的影响。研究结果表明,污染场地的总面积、活动水平和工业厂房的开工日期是最相关的变量,而工业场地的可达性并不影响房地产市场的动态。
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引用次数: 0
The factors that influence the growth and performance of micro and small-scale enterprises in Dessie Town administration 影响德西镇微型和小型企业增长和绩效的因素
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1296605
Endris Assen Ebrahim, Ahmet Toy, Yissa Hassen Kassim
The growth or performance of Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises (MSSEs) is widely recognized for their important contributions to economic developments in developing countries. Small and Medium-sized businesses (MMEs) in most developing nations encounter obstacles throughout and after the start-up process. This research aims to explore the determinants of the growth of MSSEs with a special emphasis on five work sectors: manufacturing, trade, construction, service, and urban agriculture in Dessie Town, Ethiopia.The primary data was collected using a self-questionnaire from a sample of 218 managers/owners of MSE operators. Both descriptive and inferential analysis were used to analyze the collected data. Descriptive narrations were used to analyze qualitative data as a concurrent triangulation strategy. The sample respondents were selected using a stratified random sampling method based on the type of business sector. This practical study provoked nine major issues affecting the growth of MSSEs in town: political & legal factors, including bureaucratic bottlenecks system, the COVID-19 pandemic, working premises, market-related issues, road infrastructures, management system, technology-related factors, and entrepreneurial-related factors. The results show that linear and positive substantial to strong significant relationships or associations exist between some independent variables and the growth of MSSEs. Among the expected nine determinants of MSSEs' growth and performance, only political & legal-related, management-related, market-related, technology-related, infrastructure-related, entrepreneur-related factors, and COVID-19 pandemic were statistically significant. Besides, the nominated factors explained the total variations in the MSSEs' growth and performance at a 5% significance level. Realizing this conclusion, the government and non-government bodies and operators of MSSEs should give attention to management, marketing, technology infrastructure, and entrepreneur-related factors.
微型和小型企业(MSSEs)的增长或业绩因其对发展中国家经济发展的重要贡献而得到广泛认可。大多数发展中国家的中小型企业(MMEs)在创业过程中和创业后都会遇到各种障碍。本研究旨在探讨中小型企业成长的决定因素,重点关注埃塞俄比亚德西镇的制造业、贸易、建筑业、服务业和城市农业这五个行业。研究采用自我问卷调查的方式,从 218 名中小型企业经营者的经理/所有者中收集原始数据。对收集到的数据进行了描述性和推论性分析。作为一种并行三角测量策略,描述性叙述被用来分析定性数据。样本受访者是根据企业部门类型采用分层随机抽样法选出的。这项实践研究提出了影响城镇中小型企业发展的九大问题:政治和法律因素(包括官僚瓶颈制度)、COVID-19 大流行病、工作场所、市场相关问题、道路基础设施、管理制度、技术相关因素和创业相关因素。结果表明,一些自变量与 MSSE 的增长之间存在线性的、积极的、实质性的到强有力的显著关系或关联。在预期的九个决定 MSSE 成长和绩效的因素中,只有政治与法律相关因素、管理相关因素、市场相关因素、技术相关因素、基础设施相关因素、企业家相关因素和 COVID-19 大流行在统计上是显著的。此外,在 5%的显著性水平上,被提名的因素解释了 MSSE 增长和绩效的总体变化。认识到这一结论,政府和非政府机构以及微型和小型企业的经营者应重视管理、营销、技术基础设施和企业家相关因素。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnosing the voids of knowledge in the transformation process in managing and standardizing smart city development: the case of the government of Indonesia 诊断管理和规范智慧城市发展转型过程中的知识空白:印度尼西亚政府的案例
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1288714
J. Panjaitan, Indra Bastian, Ilham Unggara, Efa Agus Susanto, Sumiyana Sumiyana
This study investigates smart city development projects implemented by the Government of Indonesia (GoI) from 2017 at the regional and municipal levels. Moreover, it provides a critical perspective on the lack of knowledge of the transformation process, substantive knowledge, and the wide-regime-shifting balance of knowledge required to accomplish smart city development. From the project scope perspective, this research elaborates on technical defaults of the regional and municipal GoI's initiating, constructing, and implementing smart cities.The authors conducted semi-structured interviews to explore how these project doers operate in each stage of the smart city development, including initiation, work in progress, implementation, and reporting. In addition, the research questions of this semi-structured interview are derived from this study's critical perspective and the knowledge domains of smart city development.First, this study sheds light on the development of 100 smart cities by the GoI, with 50 financed but unfinished projects since 2017, indicating design failure. Second, we argue that the blueprint designed by the GoI smart communities does not demonstrate comprehensive political will or the conducting of socio-cultural and technical analyses to encourage and support the development of smart cities. Third, this study uniquely highlights that the GoI wants to build smart cities using collective cognition or mutual understanding, but lacks knowledge of the transformation process and substantive knowledge for system analysis and design, development, and implementation, leading to uncertainty and non-uniform approaches to smart city developments across various regions and municipalities. Fourth, this research criticizes the misalignment and imbalance of knowledge between the GoI, the targeted regions and municipalities, and all agents involved in developing smart cities.The authors find four unique theme formulations: the GoI's behaviors in equivalencing with regular procurement, the voids of knowledge in the transformation process, substantive knowledge boundaries, and letting these projects progress without accompanying committed knowledge boundaries and working for a future without a signifier. Finally, this study suggests that the government should prioritize mastery of knowledge of the transformation processes in smart city development and implement agile strategies to ensure these projects' success and future benefits.
本研究调查了印度尼西亚政府(GoI)自 2017 年起在地区和市政层面实施的智慧城市发展项目。此外,本研究还提供了一个批判性视角,探讨完成智慧城市发展所需的转型过程知识、实质性知识和广域知识平衡的缺失。从项目范围的角度来看,本研究阐述了地区和市级政府在启动、建设和实施智慧城市时的技术缺失。作者进行了半结构式访谈,以探讨这些项目实施者在智慧城市发展的各个阶段,包括启动、工作进展、实施和报告阶段是如何运作的。此外,本次半结构式访谈的研究问题来源于本研究的批判性视角和智慧城市发展的知识领域。首先,本研究揭示了印度政府开发 100 个智慧城市的情况,自 2017 年以来,有 50 个项目获得了资助但未完成,表明设计失败。其次,我们认为,印度政府智慧社区设计的蓝图并没有显示出全面的政治意愿,也没有进行社会文化和技术分析,以鼓励和支持智慧城市的发展。第三,本研究独特地强调,印度政府希望利用集体认知或相互理解来建设智慧城市,但缺乏对转型过程的了解,也缺乏系统分析和设计、开发和实施的实质性知识,导致各地区和各市在智慧城市发展中的不确定性和方法不统一。第四,本研究批评了政府、目标地区和市政当局以及所有参与智慧城市发展的主体之间知识的错位和失衡。作者发现了四个独特的主题表述:政府将其等同于常规采购的行为、转型过程中的知识空白、实质性的知识边界,以及任由这些项目进展而不伴随承诺的知识边界,并为没有标志的未来而努力。最后,本研究建议政府应优先掌握智慧城市发展转型过程中的知识,并实施敏捷战略,以确保这些项目的成功和未来收益。
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引用次数: 0
Do individuals' resist green home investment decisions? An empirical study from status quo bias and inertia perspective 个人是否抵制绿色住宅投资决策?从现状偏见和惯性角度的实证研究
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1295357
S. R, Swamy Perumandla
The study explores the influence of Status Quo Bias theory constructs and the mediating role of inertia on individuals' resistance in making sustainable green home investment decisions among Indian homeowners and prospective homebuyers.A structured questionnaire was administered to 404 participants, and data analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares Structured Equation Modeling (PLS SEM).The findings indicate that factors such as loss aversion, transition costs, adherence to social norms, and self-efficacy to change significantly contribute to individuals' resistance to green home investments. Inertia further amplifies the relationship between transition costs, social norms, and self-efficacy to change, but does not mediate the impact of loss aversion.This study is valuable for enhancing our understanding of biases in decision-making processes. To combat this resistance, it is crucial to provide clear information about the benefits of green home upgrades and offer incentives that reduce perceived costs and risks. This research sheds new light on the influence of status quo bias and inertia specifically within the context of green home investment decisions, addressing contemporary concerns for environmental sustainability and the increasing importance of such decisions in today's world.
本研究探讨了现状偏差理论建构的影响以及惰性对印度房主和潜在购房者在做出可持续绿色住宅投资决策时的个人阻力的中介作用。本研究对 404 名参与者进行了结构化问卷调查,并使用偏最小二乘法结构方程模型(PLS SEM)进行了数据分析。惰性进一步放大了过渡成本、社会规范和改变的自我效能之间的关系,但并没有调解损失规避的影响。为了消除这种阻力,提供有关绿色住宅升级的益处的明确信息,并提供降低感知成本和风险的激励措施至关重要。这项研究揭示了现状偏见和惰性在绿色住宅投资决策中的具体影响,解决了当今世界对环境可持续性的关注以及此类决策日益重要的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Delivering sustainable, resilient and liveable cities via transformed governance 通过改革治理,建设可持续、有韧性和宜居的城市
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1171996
C. D. Rogers, Nick Grayson, Jonathan P. Sadler, Lee Chapman, C. Bouch, Marianna Cavada, J. Leach
In the context of steadily declining Natural Capital and universal recognition of the imperative to reverse this trend before we get to the point that nature is not able to restore itself, cities have a crucial role to play. The UK Government commissioned a comprehensive study into the value of biodiversity, and by extension nature, reinforcing “why we should change our ways”—yet what is missing is the “how?”. This paper uniquely describes both the “how?” and a conclusive demonstration of the remarkable benefits of implementing it in a city. Critical to this process, it took a UK Parliamentary Inquiry to reveal that nature has become invisible within the economy, yet the ecological ecosystem services nature provides have enormous benefits to both people and the economy. Therefore integration—or seamless weaving—of urban greenspace and nature into people's lives and the places where they live, work, and spend their leisure time is vital. Moreover, what nature does not provide must be provided by engineered systems, and these have an economic cost; put another way, there are enormous cost savings to be made by taking advantage of what nature provides. In addressing these issues, this paper is the definitive paper from a 20-year portfolio of research on how to bring about transformative change in the complex system-of-systems that make up our cities, providing as it does the crucial in-depth research into the many diverse strands of governance—the last link in a chain of the creation, testing and proof of efficacy of methodologies underpinning a theory and practice of change for infrastructure and cities. The impact of this portfolio of research on Birmingham is two-fold: the Star Framework that placed natural environment considerations at the heart of all decision-making in the city, and the successful bid for the largest of the UK Future Parks Accelerator awards. While both are transformative in their different ways, yet mutually supportive, the latter enabled the design of a suite of system interventions from which the value of Birmingham's greenspaces is estimated to rise from £11.0 billion to £14.4 billion—a remarkable return on investment from the research's conceptualization of Birmingham's urban greenspace as a “business” (with its associated business models). In achieving this, the necessary enablers of thinking and practicing systemically, seamlessly working across disciplinary boundaries, an unusually strong focus on both the aspirations of all stakeholders and the context in question to define “the problem,” and the testing of proposed system intervention(s) both now and in the future have been iteratively combined. However, it is the critical enabling steps of identifying the complete range of value-generating opportunities that the interventions offer, formulating them into alternative business models to underpin the case for change and ensuring that they are synergistic with all the dimensions of governance that yielded the profound o
在自然资本稳步下降、人们普遍认识到必须在自然无法自我恢复之前扭转这一趋势的背景下,城市可以发挥至关重要的作用。英国政府委托对生物多样性的价值进行了一项全面的研究,并延伸到自然界,强调了“为什么我们应该改变我们的方式”——然而缺少的是“如何改变”。本文独特地描述了“如何?”,并结论性地证明了在城市中实施它的显著效益。对这一进程至关重要的是,英国议会的一项调查揭示了自然在经济中变得不可见,但自然提供的生态系统服务对人类和经济都有巨大的好处。因此,将城市绿地和自然融入人们的生活以及他们生活、工作和休闲的地方至关重要。此外,大自然不能提供的东西必须由工程系统提供,而这些都有经济成本;换句话说,利用大自然提供的资源可以节省大量的成本。为了解决这些问题,本文是20年来关于如何在构成我们城市的复杂系统的系统中实现革命性变革的研究组合中的权威论文,同时对治理的许多不同方面进行了至关重要的深入研究——这是基础设施和城市变革理论和实践的基础方法的创造、测试和有效性证明链条中的最后一环。这一研究组合对伯明翰的影响是双重的:将自然环境考虑置于城市所有决策的核心的明星框架,以及成功申办英国最大的未来公园加速器奖。虽然两者都以不同的方式进行变革,但相互支持,后者使设计一套系统干预成为可能,伯明翰绿色空间的价值估计从110亿英镑上升到144亿英镑——这是该研究将伯明翰城市绿色空间概念化为“商业”(及其相关的商业模式)的显著投资回报。在实现这一点的过程中,系统地思考和实践的必要促成因素,跨学科边界的无缝工作,对所有涉众的愿望和定义“问题”的上下文的异常强烈的关注,以及对现在和未来提出的系统干预的测试,都被迭代地结合起来。然而,确定干预措施提供的全部价值创造机会,将其形成替代商业模式以支持变革的案例,并确保它们与产生所寻求的深刻结果的治理的所有维度协同作用,这是关键的使能步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Citizen engagement and innovative approaches in sustainable urban transitions 社论:可持续城市转型中的公民参与和创新方法
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1341568
Hai-Ying Liu
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引用次数: 0
Mechanisms linking economic potential of European cities to housing inequalities of young people 将欧洲城市的经济潜力与年轻人住房不平等联系起来的机制
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1163984
Éva Gerőházi, Nóra Katona, Sándor György Kollár
This study aims to identify and present mechanisms through which the economic potential of European urban areas is converted into social inequalities among the young population in the field of housing. The role of national and local housing systems in this conversion is analyzed through the examples of Amsterdam, Tallinn, Chemnitz, and Pécs. These four cities represent four major ideal types with different levels of economic power and housing welfare structures. The article, through these case studies, initially delineates the ramifications of increasing housing demand arising from population growth and varied wage structures in cities experiencing economic prosperity. It also delves into the repercussions of population decline and financial constraints in cities with weaker economic foundations. Subsequently, it evaluates the efficacy of local housing policies in addressing housing affordability and spatial segregation, considering the presence of either a unitary or dual public housing sector. The article's conclusion underscores that local housing policies are tightly bound to national housing concepts, legislation, and resources, which constrains their capacity to adapt measures to the changing dynamics of economic development. The primary source of information underpinning this analysis is derived from research conducted in these urban areas as part of the UPLIFT project, funded by the European Commission within the framework of Horizon 2020.
本研究旨在确定并介绍欧洲城市地区的经济潜力在住房领域转化为年轻人口中的社会不平等的机制。通过阿姆斯特丹、塔林、开姆尼茨和佩奇的例子,分析了国家和地方住房体系在这种转换中的作用。这四个城市代表了经济实力和住房福利结构水平不同的四种主要理想类型。文章通过这些案例研究,初步勾勒出在经济繁荣的城市中,人口增长和不同的工资结构带来的住房需求增长的影响。文章还深入分析了经济基础较弱的城市因人口减少和财政困难而产生的影响。随后,文章考虑了单一或双重公共住房部门的存在,评估了地方住房政策在解决住房可负担性和空间隔离方面的功效。文章的结论强调,地方住房政策与国家住房概念、立法和资源紧密相连,这限制了它们根据不断变化的经济发展动态调整措施的能力。作为 UPLIFT 项目的一部分,该项目由欧盟委员会在地平线 2020 框架内资助。
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引用次数: 0
Commuters opinion on public transport services in mega cities: the case of Istanbul buses 乘客对特大城市公共交通服务的意见:伊斯坦布尔公交车案例
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1291914
Atakan Genç, Khaled Alkhaledi, Sait Sağlam, S. Bendak
Using public transport is an important part of daily routine of many people in large cities and consumes considerable time and financial resources. Enhancing public transport can help in encouraging less use of privately owned motor vehicles and, therefore, in emitting less greenhouse gases. Hence, there is a need to improve public transport and make it more attractive than private motor vehicles. This study aims to assess commuters opinion on several aspects related to using public buses in Istanbul with the ultimate aim of making them more attractive than private motor vehicles. A total of 620 randomly selected bus commuters responded to a questionnaire specially prepared for this purpose. Satisfaction rates with most aspects related to public buses were found to be high. Nevertheless, non-parametric test results revealed that female commuters recorded significantly lower satisfaction rates than male commuters on many aspects related to public buses. Results also revealed that a significant minority of commuters walk for long distances to the nearest bus stop or wait for very long times for the next bus to come. Moreover, results revealed that commuters of older ages and higher income levels recorded significant higher satisfaction rates than others. Results also show that the majority of commuters support increasing bus fees during peak hours in order to minimize crowdedness during these hours. Implications of these results for decision makers in megacities on ways to encourage the use of public buses are discussed at the end.
使用公共交通是大城市中许多人日常生活的重要组成部分,需要耗费大量的时间和财力。加强公共交通有助于鼓励减少私人机动车的使用,从而减少温室气体的排放。因此,有必要改善公共交通,使其比私人机动车更具吸引力。本研究旨在评估乘客对伊斯坦布尔公共巴士使用相关几个方面的意见,最终目的是使公共巴士比私人机动车更具吸引力。共有 620 名随机抽取的公交乘客回答了为此专门准备的调查问卷。调查发现,乘客对公共汽车大多数方面的满意度都很高。然而,非参数检验结果显示,女性乘客对公共巴士许多方面的满意度明显低于男性乘客。结果还显示,有相当一部分乘客要走很远的路才能到达最近的巴士站,或者要等很长时间才能等到下一班巴士。此外,结果显示,年龄较大和收入水平较高的乘客的满意度明显高于其他乘客。结果还显示,大多数乘客支持提高高峰时段的巴士费用,以尽量减少高峰时段的拥挤程度。最后讨论了这些结果对特大城市决策者在鼓励使用公共汽车方面的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Holistic wild bee management in urban spaces 城市空间的野生蜜蜂综合管理
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1155714
Julie A. Weissmann, Sandra Rader, Rasmus Ritz, Iris R. M. Walldorf, Juliane Probst, Kristin R. Szydlik, Hanno Schaefer
Projects promoting bees in urban areas are initiated in cities around the world but evidence-based conservation concepts at a city-wide scale are scarce. We developed a holistic approach for assessment of bee and flowering plant diversity in a medium-sized city. In addition to standard mapping approaches in bee hotspots, we initiated citizen science projects for participative urban bee research to be able to collect comprehensive bee data across the entire city. We identified 22 hotspots of bee diversity, analyzed connectivity between those hotspots and evaluated the impact of flower patches planted in collaboration with the municipal gardens department as stepping stones for oligolectic bee species throughout the city. Participation by urban citizens in bee identification trainings was high (c. 630 persons) but their subsequent contribution through observation reports was relatively low (1,165 records by 140 observers). However, we identified a total of 139 bee taxa, seven of them only discovered by citizen scientists. Total species richness was higher in extensively managed orchards than in semi-natural and wasteland areas. Half of the stepping stone flower patches were occupied by the target oligolectic bee species in the year of planting. After 3 years, all but two species could be confirmed. We suggest a 5-step concept for bee management in cities: (1) identification of bee hotspots combined with standardized surveys, especially of rare species; (2) training of citizen scientists at two different levels for comprehensive surveys in all parts of the city: (a) half-day introductions to wild bee diversity, ecology and conservation in order to create more awareness and (b) 2-weeks workshops for in-depth training of a small number of dedicated citizen scientists; (3) extensive management of existing habitats and special conservation programs for very rare species; (4) creation of high-value habitats which take into account the varied resource needs of bees within flight ranges of only a few hundred meters; (5) creation of stepping stone habitats as floral and nesting resources, integrating educative and participative aspects.
世界各地的城市都启动了在城市地区推广蜜蜂的项目,但在整个城市范围内以证据为基础的保护理念却很少见。我们开发了一种整体方法,用于评估一个中等城市的蜜蜂和开花植物多样性。除了蜜蜂热点地区的标准绘图方法外,我们还启动了公民科学项目,开展参与式城市蜜蜂研究,以便能够收集整个城市的蜜蜂综合数据。我们确定了 22 个蜜蜂多样性热点地区,分析了这些热点地区之间的连接性,并评估了与市政园林部门合作种植的花卉补丁作为整个城市中寡选蜜蜂物种的踏脚石所产生的影响。参加蜜蜂识别培训的城市居民人数较多(约 630 人),但他们随后通过观察报告提供的信息相对较少(140 名观察者提供了 1,165 条记录)。不过,我们共鉴定出 139 个蜜蜂类群,其中 7 个类群是市民科学家才发现的。在广泛管理的果园中,物种总丰富度高于半自然和荒地地区。在种植当年,有一半的台阶石花卉区被目标蜜蜂物种占据。3 年后,除两个物种外,其他所有物种均可确认。我们提出了城市蜜蜂管理的五步概念:(1)确定蜜蜂热点地区,并结合标准化调查,特别是稀有物种;(2)培训两个不同层次的公民科学家,以便在城市所有地区进行全面调查:(a) 为期半天的关于野生蜜蜂多样性、生态学和保护的介绍,以提高人们的认识;(b) 为期两周的讲习班,对少数热心的公民科学家进行深入培训;(3) 对现有栖息地进行广泛管理,对非常稀有的物种实施特别保护计划;(4) 建立高价值栖息地,考虑到蜜蜂在几百米的飞行范围内对各种资源的需求;(5) 建立阶梯式栖息地,作为花卉和巢穴资源,将教育和参与方面结合起来。
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Frontiers in Sustainable Cities
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