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Sustainable, resilient, regenerative? The potential of Melbourne’s peri-urban region 可持续、有弹性、可再生?墨尔本城郊地区的潜力
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2024.1391712
Andrew Butt
Peri-urban regions offer significant contributions to city regions as landscapes of food production, resources for urban consumption, as well as for biodiversity and nature conservation – a key part of a city region as a socio-ecological, not simply a socioeconomic, space. Consequently, these roles have long been recognized as crucial to objectives of urban sustainability. They are also sites of socio-ecological tensions that relate to urbanization, as well as to the risk or hazard profile of locations undergoing social change. Whether sustainability, or resilience, in socio-ecological systems is a sufficient goal is increasingly under question. Seeking regenerative city regions, and in particular peri-urban landscapes requires reconsiderations of the relationships between policy, and the practices of communities and the state. Particularly with regard to planning policy this suggests consideration of the city and peri-urban region as connected, but also recognizing the specific qualities and vulnerabilities of peri-urban regions. Using the case of Narrm-Melbourne, Australia where several decades of planning policy have sought outcomes that reflect sustainability objectives this paper concludes that the peri-urban region has a strong potential to offer possibilities for a transformation to a sustainable, and potentially regenerative city region, but that current policy approaches are inadequate as they increase the vulnerabilities of communities, and neglect the potential of planning for multifunctionality and socio-ecological objectives.
城郊地区作为粮食生产、城市消费资源以及生物多样性和自然保护的景观,为城市地区做出了重要贡献,是城市地区作为社会生态空间而不仅仅是社会经济空间的重要组成部分。因此,这些作用早已被视为实现城市可持续发展目标的关键。它们也是与城市化相关的社会生态紧张局势的发生地,也是正在经历社会变革的地区的风险或危险状况的发生地。社会生态系统的可持续性或复原力是否是一个充分的目标,越来越受到质疑。寻求再生性城市区域,特别是城郊景观,需要重新考虑政策与社区和国家实践之间的关系。特别是在规划政策方面,这就需要考虑到城市与城郊地区之间的联系,同时也要认识到城郊地区的特殊性和脆弱性。本文以澳大利亚纳尔姆-墨尔本为例,总结了几十年来该地区的规划政策所追求的结果,这些结果反映了可持续发展的目标,即城郊地区具有强大的潜力,可为向可持续发展和潜在的再生城市地区转型提供可能性,但目前的政策方法是不够的,因为它们增加了社区的脆弱性,忽视了多功能性和社会生态目标规划的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Wellbeing, infrastructures, and energy insecurity in informal settlements 非正规住区的福利、基础设施和能源不安全问题
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2024.1388389
Federico Caprotti, Jiska de Groot, N. Mathebula, Catherine Butler, Mascha Moorlach
Understanding the intricate relationship between energy and wellbeing in informal urban settlements is essential for developing effective interventions that address the diverse needs of residents. This paper explores this nexus through a multi-dimensional lens, examining the complexities and dynamics involved in off-grid renewable energy interventions, focusing on solar microgrids in an informal settlement in Cape Town, South Africa.The paper is based on empirical research analysed through a theoretical framework articulating the pathways through which energy insecurity influences various dimensions of wellbeing, encompassing economic, physical, social, and environmental aspects. By applying this framework to our empirical research, the paper reveals the intricate interplay between neighbourhood factors, housing conditions, social processes, and economic insecurities, shedding light on both the challenges and opportunities associated with off-grid energy interventions.The understanding of wellbeing presented in the paper is based on what we term the energy-wellbeing-informality nexus. Understanding the nexus necessitates: (a) moving past universalist and technocratic understandings of wellbeing, and towards a relational and networked basis for wellbeing analysis; (b) moving beyond conventional narratives of off-grid electrification as mere technical fixes, emphasizing the importance of recognizing informal settlements as sites of innovation and experimentation; (c) understanding the multi-sectoral nature of energy-related wellbeing impacts, extending beyond energy provision to encompass broader dimensions such as education, health, and social cohesion.The paper not only advances theoretical understanding but also offers practical insights for policymakers and practitioners. It emphasizes the need for context-sensitive policymaking that acknowledges the complexities of informal settlements and fosters innovative approaches to energy service provision. By integrating energy interventions into broader development strategies and adopting a multi-sectoral perspective, stakeholders can work towards more equitable and resilient solutions that enhance the overall wellbeing of residents in informal urban contexts.
了解非正规城市住区中能源与福利之间错综复杂的关系,对于制定有效的干预措施以满足居民的不同需求至关重要。本文通过多维视角探讨了这一关系,研究了离网可再生能源干预措施所涉及的复杂性和动态性,重点关注南非开普敦非正规住区的太阳能微电网。本文基于实证研究,通过一个理论框架进行分析,阐明了能源不安全影响福利各方面的途径,包括经济、物质、社会和环境方面。通过将这一框架应用于我们的实证研究,本文揭示了邻里因素、住房条件、社会进程和经济不安全之间错综复杂的相互作用,揭示了与离网能源干预措施相关的挑战和机遇。要理解这一关系,就必须:(a) 摆脱对福祉的普遍主义和技术官僚主义的理解,转而以关系和网络为基础进行福祉分析;(b) 摆脱将离网电气化仅仅视为技术解决方案的传统说法,强调将非正规住区视为创新和实验场所的重要性;(c) 理解与能源有关的福祉影响的多部门性质,从能源供应扩展到教育、健康和社会凝聚力等更广泛的层面。本文不仅推进了理论理解,还为政策制定者和实践者提供了实用的见解。论文强调,需要制定对具体情况有敏感认识的政策,承认非正规住区的复杂性,并促进采用创新方法提供能源服务。通过将能源干预措施纳入更广泛的发展战略,并采用多部门视角,利益相关者可以努力找到更公平、更有弹性的解决方案,从而提高非正规城市居民的整体福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating urbanization implications: effects of land expropriation on farmers’ livelihoods in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 驾驭城市化的影响:征用土地对埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴农民生计的影响
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2024.1385309
Yeshitla Agonafir Ayenachew, Birhanu G. Abebe
This paper investigates the effect of land expropriation on the livelihoods of farmers expropriated from the peripheries of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A mixed methods approach, including household surveys, key informant interviews, field visits, and document reviews, was employed. A sample of 349 expropriated farmer household heads from four purposively selected sub-cities was drawn using systematic random sampling. The findings reveal significant adverse effects of land expropriation on the livelihoods of expropriated farmers, such as income losses, unemployment, and reduced agricultural production, primarily due to a lack of transparency and consultation during the expropriation process, inadequate compensation, and insufficient resettlement support provided by the city administration. Consequently, the living conditions of most farmers deteriorated in the post-expropriation. To address these effects, the study recommends enhancing procedural clarity, ensuring meaningful participation and consultation with affected farmers, and providing comprehensive resettlement support, including access to housing, employment opportunities, credit, and social services, to help affected farmers transition to new livelihoods.
本文研究了土地征用对埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴周边地区被征地农民生计的影响。本文采用了混合方法,包括住户调查、关键信息提供者访谈、实地考察和文件审查。采用系统随机抽样的方法,从四个特意选定的次级城市中抽取了 349 个被征地农民户主作为样本。调查结果显示,征地对被征地农民的生计产生了严重的不利影响,如收入损失、失业和农业减产,主要原因是征地过程缺乏透明度和协商、补偿不足以及城市管理部门提供的安置支持不足。因此,大多数农民在征用后的生活条件恶化。为消除这些影响,研究建议提高程序的清晰度,确保受影响农民的有意义参与和协商,并提供全面的安置支持,包括获得住房、就业机会、信贷和社会服务,以帮助受影响农民过渡到新的生计。
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引用次数: 0
A methodological framework for the implementation of urban living lab on circular economy co-design activities 实施循环经济共同设计活动城市生活实验室的方法框架
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2024.1400914
C. Innella, G. Ansanelli, G. Barberio, Claudia Brunori, Francesca Cappellaro, Rocco Civita, Gabriella Fiorentino, Erika Mancuso, Rocco Pentassuglia, Luigi Sciubba, Amalia Zucaro
Circular Economy (CE) has the potential to tackle many of the challenges we are facing nowadays. It represents nothing less than a paradigm shift, as closing and shortening material loops means adopting completely new ways of producing and consuming. In the European Union, CE is a key strategy to achieve climate neutrality target by 2050, to face the biodiversity crisis, to guarantee economic growth and social wellbeing, within planet boundaries, in accordance with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Stakeholders’ engagement is a crucial point of the transition pathway based on a systemic approach through a co-creation process. Urban areas are the main field of the circular transition process in which all the urban actors, i.e., public institutions, academic and research bodies, economic operators, citizens and civil organizations, are involved. An effective operational tool to realize stakeholders’ involvement and co-creation processes is the methodological approach of Urban Living Labs (ULLs). Although ULLs have already been tested and implemented worldwide, there is no description of a step-by-step methodology to implement ULLs aimed at co-creation of project ideas on CE, to be realized in a specific territory. This paper aims to define a methodological framework for implementing ULLs focused on co-designing CE activities. The proposed methodology is based on four main phases: (i) scouting and analysis of the territorial context, (ii) listening and exploration, (iii) participation, (iv) execution. A detailed description of each phase as well as the first application of this framework in different urban communities are presented.
循环经济(CE)有可能解决我们当今面临的许多挑战。它代表着不亚于范式的转变,因为闭合和缩短物质循环意味着采用全新的生产和消费方式。在欧盟,CE 是一项关键战略,旨在根据联合国可持续发展目标,在地球范围内实现 2050 年气候中和目标、应对生物多样性危机、保障经济增长和社会福祉。利益相关者的参与是通过共同创造过程,以系统方法为基础的过渡途径的关键点。城市地区是循环转型过程的主要领域,所有城市参与者,即公共机构、学术和研究机构、经济运营商、市民和民间组织都参与其中。城市生活实验室(ULLs)是实现利益相关者参与和共同创造过程的有效操作工具。尽管城市生活实验室已经在全球范围内进行了测试和实施,但目前还没有关于实施城市生活实验室的逐步方法论的描述,该方法论旨在共同创造关于行政首长协调会的项目理念,并在特定区域内实现。本文旨在确定一个方法框架,用于实施以共同设计行政首长协调会活动为重点的统 一联络点。建议的方法基于四个主要阶段:(i) 地域背景的考察和分析,(ii) 倾听和探索,(iii) 参与,(iv) 执行。本文详细介绍了每个阶段以及该框架在不同城市社区的首次应用。
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引用次数: 0
Is ward-level calculation of urban green space availability important?—A case study on Vellore city, India, using the histogram-based spectral discrimination approach 使用基于直方图的光谱判别法对印度韦洛尔市进行的案例研究--城市绿地可用性的区级计算是否重要?
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2024.1393156
Sangeetha Gaikadi, S. V. Kumar
How much green space is available for individuals is a major question that city planners are generally interested in, and the present study aimed to address this issue in the context of Vellore, India, through two approaches, namely, the per capita and the geographical area approach. In existing studies, urban green space (UGS) was only calculated at the macro level, i.e., for the city as a whole. Micro-or ward-level analysis was not attempted before, and the present study carried out the same to get a clear picture of the amount of greenery available in each ward of a city. For this purpose, a two-step approach was proposed where the histograms of Google Earth (GE) images were analyzed first to check whether the green cover types such as trees, shrubs/grassland, and cropland were spectrally different. Then, classification techniques such as ISODATA, maximum likelihood, support vector machine (SVM), and object-based methods were applied to the GE images. It was found that SVM performed well in extracting different green cover types with the highest overall accuracy of 93% and Kappa coefficient of 0.881. It was found that when considering the city as a whole, the amount of UGS available is 42% of the total area, which is more than the recommended range of 20–40%. Similarly, the available UGS per person is 97.84 m2, which is far above the recommended 12 m2/person. However, the micro-level analysis revealed that some of the wards have not satisfied the criteria of per capita and percentage area, though the city as a whole has satisfied both the criteria. Thus, the results indicate the importance of calculating the urban green space availability at the ward level rather than the city level as the former gives a closer look at the surplus and deficit areas. The results of terrestrial LiDAR survey at individual tree level revealed that if trees are located adjacent to buildings or roads, it results in fewer heat islands compared to the case where there are no trees.
个人有多少绿地是城市规划者普遍关心的一个重要问题,本研究旨在通过两种方法,即人均方法和地理区域方法,在印度韦洛尔的背景下解决这一问题。在现有的研究中,城市绿地(UGS)只在宏观层面上进行计算,即对整个城市进行计算。本研究也进行了同样的分析,以清楚地了解城市中每个区的可用绿地数量。为此,本研究提出了一种分两步走的方法,首先分析谷歌地球(GE)图像的直方图,检查树木、灌木/草地和耕地等绿色覆盖类型是否存在光谱差异。然后,将 ISODATA、最大似然法、支持向量机(SVM)和基于对象的方法等分类技术应用于 GE 图像。结果发现,SVM 在提取不同绿色植被类型方面表现出色,总体准确率最高,达到 93%,Kappa 系数为 0.881。研究发现,从整个城市来看,可用的 UGS 数量占总面积的 42%,超过了 20-40% 的建议范围。同样,人均可利用的 UGS 为 97.84 平方米,远高于建议的 12 平方米/人。然而,微观层面的分析表明,尽管整个城市满足了人均和百分比面积的标准,但有些区却没有满足这两个标准。因此,这些结果表明,在选区层面而非城市层面计算城市绿地可用性非常重要,因为前者能更近距离地观察过剩和不足区域。对单棵树木进行的地面激光雷达调查结果显示,如果树木紧邻建筑物或道路,则与没有树木的情况相比,热岛较少。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: The impact that local governments and ruling bodies can have on implementing sustainable changes and practices 社论:地方政府和执政机构对实施可持续变革和做法的影响
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2024.1436163
S. Praharaj, Tathagata Chatterji
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引用次数: 0
Gendered mobility strategies and challenges to sustainable travel—patriarchal norms controlling women's everyday transportation 性别流动战略与可持续旅行的挑战--控制妇女日常交通的宗法规范
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2024.1367238
Christina Lindkvist
Sweden is a country with an international reputation for gender equality. The political goal of gender equality is based on feminist analysis of what constitutes a just society according to gender and the fight against patriarchal norms. Despite policy recommendations and legislation that counteract discrimination against women, women still fear traveling by public transport and being out in the evenings. This indicates that Swedish society still has patriarchal norms to deal with. The article is based on qualitative interviews and data retrieved from the Swedish National Statistics, SCB. The interviews explored mobility practices and strategies, experiences with different modes of transport, and reliability, affordability, and comfort of the mobility options available. The results shows that travel choices for women are affected by their concerns about safety and related necessary adaptation to situations identified as threatening. Despite the “mythical mantra” of the gender equal society, Sweden share the patriarchal norms with other countries, that delimits women's use and access to public space and public transport.
瑞典在性别平等方面享有国际声誉。性别平等的政治目标建立在女权主义分析的基础上,即根据性别和反对父权制规范,什么才是公正的社会。尽管政策建议和立法反对歧视妇女,但妇女仍然害怕乘坐公共交通工具和晚上外出。这表明瑞典社会仍有父权制规范需要处理。本文基于定性访谈和从瑞典国家统计局获取的数据。访谈内容包括出行方式和策略、使用不同交通方式的经验,以及可选出行方式的可靠性、经济性和舒适性。结果表明,妇女的出行选择受到她们对安全的担忧以及对被认为具有威胁性的情况的必要适应的影响。尽管有性别平等社会的 "神话口号",但瑞典与其他国家一样存在父权规范,限制了妇女对公共空间和公共交通的使用和进入。
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引用次数: 0
Interplay between greenspace interactions and sense of place in Seoul City 首尔市绿地互动与地方感之间的相互作用
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2024.1343373
Lankyung Kim, Ching Li
The intricate connection between urban residents and their surrounding greenspaces highlights the multifaceted relationship shaping individuals’ sense of place within urban environment. This study explores the influential relationship between greenspace interactions (GI) and the resultant greenspace sense of place (GSP) while considering four types of greenspaces (GT) as moderators. Employing partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), data was gathered from 400 participants, encompassing different GT within Seoul City, South Korea, to investigate the nuanced associations among psychological, physical, social, and environmental dimensions of GI and their impacts on place attachment (PA), sense of community (SoC), and utilitarian sense of place (USoP) in the GSP framework. Findings confirm a significant relationship between GI and GSP, emphasizing the role of environmental consciousness as a predominant factor influencing individuals’ overall perception on urban nature. Notably, despite conceptual expectations, the study revealed no moderation effect of different GT on the GI-GSP relationship, underscoring the universal relevance of urban greenspaces in fostering residents’ GSP. The result emphasizes the intrinsic value of urban greenspaces in shaping the preference of urban residents regarding urban nature.
城市居民与周围绿地之间错综复杂的联系,凸显了在城市环境中塑造个人地方感的多方面关系。本研究探讨了绿地互动(GI)与由此产生的绿地场所感(GSP)之间的影响关系,同时考虑了四种类型的绿地(GT)作为调节因素。通过偏最小二乘法-结构方程建模(PLS-SEM),我们收集了韩国首尔市不同绿地的 400 名参与者的数据,研究了 GI 的心理、物理、社会和环境维度之间的细微关联,以及它们在 GSP 框架中对场所依恋(PA)、社区感(SoC)和功利性场所感(USoP)的影响。研究结果证实了 GI 与 GSP 之间的重要关系,强调了环境意识作为影响个人对城市自然的整体感知的主要因素的作用。值得注意的是,尽管存在概念上的预期,但研究表明不同的 GT 对 GI-GSP 关系没有调节作用,这强调了城市绿地在促进居民 GSP 方面的普遍意义。这一结果强调了城市绿地在塑造城市居民城市自然偏好方面的内在价值。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation between sustainability and smartness indicators in Brazilian cities: insights from the 5SenSu model 巴西城市可持续性与智能化指标之间的相关性:5SenSu 模型的启示
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2024.1390735
Pedro Pierucci, F. Agostinho, C. Almeida, F. J. C. Demétrio, B. F. Giannetti
To face the growing challenges of urbanization, urban management models grounded in the principles of sustainability and smart cities are being proposed. Despite their acknowledged importance, these models are often misunderstood or improperly applied due to a lack of thorough conceptualization, and they are frequently viewed as interchangeable. The aim of this study is to verify whether a correlation exists between indicators of sustainability and smartness in cities. For a sample of 130 Brazilian cities, their Sustainability Synthetic Indicator of System (SSIS) was computed using the Five-Sector Sustainability Model (5SenSu) and data sourced from the ‘Mandala ODS’ framework. Data concerning smart city were directly sourced from the ‘Connected Smart Cities’ framework. Results show that the 5SenSu model emerges as an alternative multicriteria method, epistemologically grounded in a conceptual model capable of quantifying the sustainability of cities. This approach enables quantitative diagnostics, rankings, and benchmarks, providing information to support decision-making processes. Moreover, the correlation analyses employed reveal a moderate linear correlation (Pearson coefficient of −0.61) and a moderate rank-order correlation (Spearman coefficient of −0.59) between sustainability and smartness. Hence, it would be premature to assume that a city deemed smart would automatically be sustainable, or vice versa. Acknowledging the existing limitations, this study contributes to discussions on the conceptual understanding and quantification through indicators of sustainable and smart cities, providing information for shaping effective public policies aimed at fostering more sustainable urban environments.
为了应对城市化带来的日益严峻的挑战,人们提出了以可持续发展和智慧城市原则为基础的城市管理模式。尽管这些模式的重要性已得到公认,但由于缺乏透彻的概念化,它们往往被误解或应用不当,而且经常被视为可以互换。本研究旨在验证城市的可持续性指标与智能化指标之间是否存在相关性。对于巴西的 130 个样本城市,我们使用五部门可持续发展模型(5SenSu)和 "曼荼罗 ODS "框架中的数据计算了它们的可持续发展综合系统指标(SSIS)。有关智慧城市的数据直接来自 "互联智慧城市 "框架。结果表明,5SenSu 模型是一种可供选择的多标准方法,在认识论上以能够量化城市可持续性的概念模型为基础。这种方法可以进行量化诊断、排名和基准,为决策过程提供信息支持。此外,所采用的相关分析表明,可持续性与智能性之间存在中等程度的线性相关(皮尔逊系数为-0.61)和中等程度的等级相关(斯皮尔曼系数为-0.59)。因此,假定一个城市被认为是智能的,就会自动成为可持续发展的城市,或者反之亦然,都为时过早。在承认现有局限性的同时,本研究有助于对可持续城市和智慧城市的概念理解和指标量化的讨论,为制定有效的公共政策提供信息,以促进更可持续的城市环境。
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引用次数: 0
Solar energy for societal decarbonisation: a perspective on emerging opportunities in utility-scale solar electricity and solar in the built environment 太阳能促进社会脱碳:透视公用事业级太阳能发电和建筑环境中的太阳能新机遇
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2024.1344771
Paul Meredith
The solar resource presents almost limitless opportunities for creating clean energy – not just in the form of solar-derived electricity, but also to drive heating and cooling cycles, create solar fuels, or indeed to promote chemical and biochemical pathways for the production of food, clean water and raw materials. There is an ever-expanding plethora of applications for solar energy as a critical contributor to global decarbonization. This short Perspective is focused on two of the largest opportunities for solar energy to make major emissions reduction and deliver societal fairness and economic impacts: notably utility-scale electricity generation and the more local opportunities of the built environment. We examine the two dominant forms of solar energy – the direct generation of electrical power via the photovoltaic effect, and the indirect generation of electricity (and indeed heating and cooling energy) through solar thermal cycles. As a Perspective, it provides necessary background for the general reader, but also seeks to emphasise the specific challenges and opportunities for the interested specialist.
太阳能资源为创造清洁能源提供了几乎无限的机会--不仅是以太阳能发电的形式,而且还可以驱动加热和冷却循环,创造太阳能燃料,或促进化学和生物化学途径,以生产食品、清洁水和原材料。太阳能作为全球去碳化的重要贡献者,其应用领域不断扩大。本短篇《视角》将重点关注太阳能在实现重大减排、实现社会公平和经济影响方面的两个最大机遇:特别是公用事业规模的发电和建筑环境中更多的本地机遇。我们研究了太阳能的两种主要形式--通过光伏效应直接发电,以及通过太阳热循环间接发电(以及供热和制冷)。作为一个视角,它为普通读者提供了必要的背景知识,同时也为感兴趣的专家强调了具体的挑战和机遇。
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers in Sustainable Cities
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