Porous Noble Metal-Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications

Noble metal-based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention in biomedical applications due to their unique electrical, optical, and chemical properties, playing crucial roles in the ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers, bioimaging, cancer therapy, etc. Especially, porous noble metal-based nanomaterials show superior performance due to the large specific area and multiple active sites. Platforms constructed from porous noble metal-based nanomaterials are emerging as highly promising tools for various biomedical applications. Herein, the properties and synthesis strategies of porous noble metal-based nanomaterials are briefly introduced. Then the recent progress of porous noble metal-based nanomaterials in the biomedical field is highlighted, focusing primarily on their applications in optics, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry. Finally, the challenges related to fabrication and biocompatibility for their applications while also providing an outlook on their widespread use in clinical situations are discussed. This review aims to provide further insights into the design of porous noble metal-based nanomaterials and expand their applications in the biomedical field.