Prerequisites, formation and development of nephrology (literature review)

The article discusses the prerequisites, formation and development of nephrology as a science. The purpose of this review is to analyze the formation of basic ideas about nephrology, starting from the era of the Ancient World and ending with studies of the Modern period. The results of the process of formation and development of ideas about nephrology are presented. The causes and processes of the development of kidney diseases were of interest to the healers already in ancient times. In the Middle Ages, the accumulation of empirical knowledge in this field were continued. The understanding of methods and means of diagnosis and therapy of kidney diseases expanded and deepened. In Modern times, the idea of kidney diseases and their treatment has received a more complete description. The study began not only of the mechanisms of development of these diseases, but also of risk factors and. Nowadays, research in this area continues. The review presents the stages of the formation of nephrology at each stage of the development of medicine. The achievements of Russian nephrologists (Shumlyansky A.M., Tsybulsky N.O., Pasternatsky F.I., Zimnitsky S.S., Tareev E.M., Vovsi M.S.) are analyzed, their scientific priorities in world nephrology, contribution to the development of this scientific direction are presented.