Numerical studies on Pulse tube refrigerator and the effect of changing the load of the regenerator on temperatures

Devices for cryogenic cooling based on the Stirling cycle include pulse tube refrigerators. They are often employed in a variety of applications, including space exploration, superconductivity, and cryogenic research, where small and dependable cryogenic cooling is necessary. A working gas, commonly helium, is compressed and expanded in cycles within a closed system to operate a pulse tube refrigerator. The goal of theoretical research on pulse tube refrigerators is to comprehend the system's thermodynamic behavior and performance characteristics. In order to obtain greater cooling efficiency and lower temperatures, these studies are strivinge to improve the design parameters and operating conditions. To forecast the system's performance, theoretical models are taking into account a number of variables, including heat transfer, pressure drop, gas dynamics, and fluid characteristics. The outcome demonstrates how a system's temperature gradient. The ansys program was used to conduct a thermal simulation, as well use solidworks to draw geometry design the temperature gradient is 3 W/m2, reaching 47 K. The heat load increases as the temperature rises, reaching [43,58,79,90,111,156,] K at [3,4,5,6,8,10] W/m2. With a temperature gradient of 88.034k in the first order and 340 k in the second order, the simulation approach demonstrates that the best scenario achieved   105 K. The best example with a difference in heat load was at 3 W/m2, reaching 108K, Results revealed a 5% error rate temperature decline at the pulse tube.