Synthesis of fluorescent 9-(4-aminoaniline)-acridine for highly specific and rapid detection of human serum albumin by fluorescence-capillary gel electrophoresis

In clinical practice, many diseases can lead to changes in serum albumin concentration (HSA) in patients. Accurate detection of HSA concentration is of great significance for disease diagnosis. Based on this, this study designed and synthesized 9-(4-amino-aniline)-acridine (AAA) as a fluorescent probe. By laser induction and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), a new rapid and highly specific HSA detection method based on fluorescence-CGE was established. Various experimental control factors were investigated, and the optimal experimental conditions were determined as follows: the running buffer was H3PO4–KH2PO4 (pH = 2.45, 15.0 mmol L−1), the separation voltage was 30 kV, and the experimental temperature was 25 °C. The sample solution injected 10 s with hydrodynamic mode (3.43×103 Pa), HSA could be directly determined by fluorescence-CGE method. The linear range was 0.10–1.0 μg L−1, the detection limit was 0.012 μg L−1, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 0.30%. This method can be used for the determination of real HSA samples. In addition, in the presence of various biological macromolecules, small molecules, ions and ethanol, the accurate detection of HSA by fluorescence-CGE method will not be affected, suggesting that this method has a high specificity for HSA. The rapid and highly specific fluorescence-CGE method of HSA constructed in this study provides a new way to detect HSA, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of clinical diseases.