Investigation of dissipation phenomenon of non-Newtonian nanofluid due to a horizontal stretching rough sheet through a Darcy porous medium

Recent advancements in thermal engineering have led to the development of stable thermal properties and practical applications for nanofluid flow. Consequently, this study aims to explore the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a non-Newtonian Maxwell nanofluid when it comes into contact with a stretched surface containing porous features that allow for fluid suction velocity. Additionally, the research takes into account how the Soret and Dufour effects impact the processes of heat and mass transfer. A less-explored aspect of research in this field relates to the velocity slip boundary conditions when nanofluids with changing viscosity are involved. Additionally, the model employed in this study illustrates the influence of both viscous dissipation and variable thermal conductivity on the processes of heat and mass transfer. The mathematical flow model is described by nonlinear partial differential equations, which are subsequently transformed into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations. The resulting system is then solved numerically using the shooting method. This study visually examines the impact of physical variables on temperature, flow characteristics, and concentration patterns. Furthermore, it provides graphical representations of estimated values for the skin friction coefficient, Sherwood numbers, and local Nusselt numbers, which are also organized in tables for analysis. In conclusion, by comparing our data with previous results, we confirm the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. A significant discovery is that the nanofluid velocity decreases as the Maxwell, porous, and slip velocity parameters are increased. Furthermore, the nanofluid concentration rises when the thermophoresis and viscosity parameters increase.