Applications in engineering science最新文献

英文中文

Thermo-mechanical stress analysis and critical condition estimation in lithium lanthanum niobate (LiLaNbO) thin electrolyte plate of all-solid-state battery

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100206

Tasnuva Tabashhum Choudhury , Nahid Imtiaz Masuk , Pranoy Deb , Md. Nurul Islam , Md Ashraful Islam

This study analyzes the thermo-mechanical stress fields within a LiLaNbO electrolyte in all-solid-state batteries, considering various temperature gradients, boundary conditions, and material properties. Using advanced plate theory, an infinitesimally thin electrolyte plate integrated into a planar battery system was modeled. The stress distributions were computed analytically and verified with simulations using ANSYS Workbench under four distinct boundary conditions: FR (Free to expand and bend), NB (No bending, free to expand), NE (No expansion, free to bend), and NBE (No bending or expansion). For uniform temperature conditions (T1 = T2 = 350 K), compressive stresses of up to 70 MPa were observed for NBE, while FR and NB conditions yielded negligible stresses. Under temperature gradients (e.g., T1 = 300 K, T2 = 250 K to 350 K), stress profiles varied linearly along the z-axis for theoretical predictions, while simulated results showed slight deviations, with maximum stresses of approximately -60 MPa. Material properties such as Young's modulus (97–106 GPa) and thermal expansion coefficients (6 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹) were considered temperature-dependent, revealing their limited impact on stress distributions within 200–400 K. A novel estimation method for identifying critical operational conditions is proposed, ensuring mechanical stability by limiting stress to below 150 MPa. The findings provide actionable insights for enhancing the safety and reliability of all-solid-state batteries.

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引用次数: 0

Rheology of waxy oils: A critical review

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2024.100202

Diogo E.V. Andrade , Cezar O.R. Negrão

Waxy oil is a rheologically complex material presenting shear-rate-dependent viscosity, static and dynamic yield stresses, gel elasto-viscoplasticity, time/deformation-dependent gel structure, and irreversibility. All these properties depend not only on oil composition and temperature, as with many materials, but also on other parameters, such as shear and thermal histories. In addition, the composition can change completely the effect of a specific parameter on the rheological properties of the waxy oil. Differences in material composition or experimental procedures may explain some contradictory results in the literature. Despite this intricating behavior, the literature provides important findings regarding the rheological behavior of waxy oils. This work presents a comprehensive discussion of how the rheological properties of waxy oils are affected by composition, sample preparation, pre-test, thermal, and shear histories. We also discuss the relation between material microscopy and macroscopic behavior, focusing on the complex rheological behavior and emphasizing possible artifacts commonly encountered in measurements.

引用次数: 0

A filter calibration method for laser-scanned weld toe geometries 激光扫描焊趾几何形状的滤波器校准方法

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2024.100200

Finn Renken , Matthias Jung , Sören Ehlers , Moritz Braun

The scanning of weld seams can be used to evaluate the local weld toe geometry for fatigue assessments. Laser scanned weld seam profiles often contain noise which complicates the accurate measurement of the weld toe geometry. For that reason, filtering of the scanned data is necessary. The issue at hand is that a filtering method can significantly affect the measurement results. Therefore, a calibration of the filter input parameters is needed. In this study, a calibration method for filtered laser-scanned weld profiles is presented by using artificial weld toe geometries. The adjustment of different filter functions is achieved by using an optimization method on predefined weld toes with an artificial noise. The resulting input data for the filter functions is tested on a real specimen to verify the method. Through the calibration method it is possible to achieve satisfactory measurement results with precisely set input parameters for the filter functions. The most suitable filter functions for the measurement of the weld toe are the Gaussian and the Lowpass filter. Both functions are adequate as a universally applicable filter. For the evaluation of the measurement results of the radii and angles, a tolerance range is introduced, which is defined by the theoretically minimum measurable radii and angles. Using an adjusted Lowpass filter and a point distance of 0.07 mm set by the laser scanner, a measurement within the tolerance range of 0.2 mm is achievable for the weld toe radius. For the weld toe angle, the tolerance range of 1.5° is achieved for the majority of measurements.

焊缝扫描可用于评估局部焊趾的几何形状，以进行疲劳评估。激光扫描的焊缝轮廓通常含有噪声，这使得焊趾几何形状的精确测量变得复杂。因此，有必要对扫描数据进行过滤。目前的问题是，滤波方法会严重影响测量结果。因此，需要对滤波器输入参数进行校准。在本研究中，通过使用人工焊趾几何形状，提出了一种用于滤波激光扫描焊缝轮廓的校准方法。通过对带有人工噪声的预定义焊趾使用优化方法，实现了对不同滤波器函数的调整。滤波器函数的输入数据在真实试样上进行测试，以验证该方法。通过校准方法，可以精确设置滤波函数的输入参数，从而获得令人满意的测量结果。最适合测量焊趾的滤波器函数是高斯滤波器和低通滤波器。这两种滤波器都是通用的滤波器。为了评估半径和角度的测量结果，引入了一个公差范围，该范围由理论上可测量的最小半径和角度定义。使用调整后的低通滤波器和激光扫描仪设定的 0.07 毫米点距，可以在 0.2 毫米的公差范围内测量焊趾半径。对于焊趾角度，大部分测量都能达到 1.5° 的公差范围。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of open channel basaltic lava flow through topographical bends 明渠玄武岩熔岩流穿越地形弯道的数值模拟

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2024.100196

Dale R. Cusack , David K. Muchiri , James N. Hewett , Mathieu Sellier , Ben Kennedy , Miguel Moyers-Gonzalez

In this study, we utilised computational fluid dynamics to investigate the behaviour of open-channel basaltic lava flows navigating bends on shield volcanoes. Our focus was on understanding the relationship between flow velocity, rheology, and bend geometry. Employing a simple Force Balance Model (FBM), which considers the equilibrium between hydrostatic pressure and centrifugal force, we accurately approximated the changes in the height of the lava’s free surface through various bend geometries. Our analysis includes examining the influence of channel depth, width, and bend radius on the flow, revealing that variations in these parameters significantly affect the flow’s vertical displacement. Additionally, the bend sector angle emerged as a critical factor, indicating a minimum angle necessary for the flow to fully develop before exiting the bend.

Further, we assessed the applicability of the Shallow Water Equations (SWE) for modelling the inertial displacement of the lava flow in bends, finding a good fit. The study extended to comparing the FBM’s predictions of the tilt angle of the flow’s free surface with the SWE results, showing notable agreement under specific conditions, particularly at a bend angle of 90 degrees. The impact of fluid density was also considered, revealing that density is a contributing factor to the development of the wetted line in the bend, a factor that is not captured by the simple FBM model. Finally, we explored different rheologies akin to natural lava flows, such as viscoplastic flow, and determined that factors like yield stress, consistency index, and power law index have a small impact on the flow behaviour in a steady-state condition within a bend.

在这项研究中，我们利用计算流体动力学研究了明渠玄武岩熔岩流在盾构火山弯道中的行为。我们的重点是了解流速、流变学和弯道几何形状之间的关系。我们采用简单的力平衡模型（FBM）（该模型考虑了静水压力和离心力之间的平衡），精确地近似分析了熔岩自由表面高度在各种弯曲几何形状下的变化。我们的分析包括研究通道深度、宽度和弯曲半径对熔岩流的影响，结果表明，这些参数的变化会显著影响熔岩流的垂直位移。此外，弯道扇形角也是一个关键因素，它表明了熔岩流在流出弯道之前充分发展所需的最小角度。此外，我们还评估了浅水方程（SWE）在模拟熔岩流在弯道中的惯性位移时的适用性，发现其拟合效果良好。研究还将熔岩流自由表面倾斜角的预测结果与 SWE 结果进行了比较，结果表明在特定条件下，尤其是在弯曲角度为 90 度时，两者的预测结果是一致的。我们还考虑了流体密度的影响，结果表明密度是导致弯道湿润线发展的一个因素，而简单的 FBM 模型并没有捕捉到这一因素。最后，我们探讨了与天然熔岩流类似的不同流变学，如粘塑性流动，并确定屈服应力、稠度指数和幂律指数等因素对弯道内稳态条件下的流动行为影响较小。

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引用次数: 0

An experimental study on heat transfer using electrohydrodynamics (EHD) over a heated vertical plate. 利用电流体力学（EHD）在加热的垂直板上进行热传递的实验研究。

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2024.100198

Weerachai Chaiworapuek , Phantisa Limleamthong , Teerapat Thungthong , Jetsadaporn Priyadumkol

The Corona effect offers significant potential for improving heat transfer efficiency in air. This study thoroughly examined how a single corona discharge affects heat transfer on a heated vertical flat plate. Key parameters tested included corona voltage, the aspect ratio of the vertical plate (y/L), and the inter-electrode discharge gap ratio (x/d). The findings revealed that increasing the corona voltage and decreasing the discharge gap enhanced heat transfer efficiency along the vertical surface. A predictive formula for the local Nusselt number was developed to characterize heat transfer on the plate. Additionally, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used to analyze the corona wind generated by the discharge. The study observed that the corona wind formed a vortex in the upstream region, which resulted in lower heat transfer rates upstream compared to the downstream region.

电晕效应为提高空气中的传热效率提供了巨大潜力。本研究深入探讨了单次电晕放电如何影响加热垂直平板上的热传递。测试的主要参数包括电晕电压、垂直平板的长宽比（y/L）和电极间放电间隙比（x/d）。研究结果表明，增加电晕电压和减小放电间隙可提高垂直表面的传热效率。为描述板上的传热特性，还开发了一个局部努塞尔特数预测公式。此外，还使用粒子图像测速仪 (PIV) 分析了放电产生的电晕风。研究发现，电晕风在上游区域形成了一个漩涡，导致上游区域的传热率低于下游区域。

引用次数: 0

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of unsteady Bingham fluid flows 非稳态宾汉流体流动的晶格玻尔兹曼模拟

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2024.100199

Alan Lugarini, Marco A. Ferrari, Admilson T. Franco

Transient flows of viscoplastic fluids have very peculiar characteristics. The startup and cessation flows of viscoplastic materials have been subject to many theoretical and numerical investigations. The most challenging aspect of numerical solutions of viscoplastic fluids is the viscosity singularity during the transition from yielded to unyielded material. Hence, the proper representation of yield surfaces is the most critical aspect of numerical methods in viscoplastic fluid flow. In the present work, we use a lattice Boltzmann scheme to solve an ideal Bingham fluid’s startup and cessation flows. This numerical scheme advantage is that can represent infinite viscosity without noticeable numerical instabilities, producing yield surfaces with more accuracy and quality. Theoretical solutions for the startup flow are available in the literature. However, it is unclear which is more accurate and what their validity ranges are. Nonetheless, these solutions served as a reference for the present simulations. The overall aspect of the numerical solutions agreed with the theoretical models. The cessation flow of the Bingham fluid was also simulated. Unlike a Newtonian fluid, this type of flow is known to have a finite period until cessation. The simulations correctly reproduced this behavior. The transient yield surfaces matched very well with augmented Lagrangian solutions.

粘塑性流体的瞬态流具有非常独特的特性。对粘塑性材料的启动和停止流动进行了许多理论和数值研究。粘塑性流体数值求解的最大挑战在于从屈服材料向未屈服材料过渡期间的粘度奇异性。因此，屈服面的正确表示是粘塑性流体流动数值方法中最关键的方面。在本研究中，我们使用晶格玻尔兹曼方案来求解理想宾汉流体的启动和停止流动。这种数值方案的优势在于可以表示无限粘度，而不会产生明显的数值不稳定性，生成的屈服面精度更高、质量更好。启动流的理论解法可在文献中找到。不过，目前还不清楚哪种方案更准确，也不清楚它们的有效范围。尽管如此，这些解决方案仍可作为本模拟的参考。数值解的总体情况与理论模型一致。还模拟了宾汉流体的停止流动。与牛顿流体不同，众所周知，这种流动在停止前有一个有限的周期。模拟正确地再现了这种行为。瞬态屈服面与增量拉格朗日解法非常吻合。

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引用次数: 0

Thermo-fluid performance of axially perforated multiple rectangular flow deflector-type baffle plate in an tubular heat exchanger 管式热交换器中轴向穿孔多矩形导流板式挡板的热流体性能

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2024.100197

Md Atiqur Rahman

The study investigated an unconventional heat exchanger design that utilizes swirling airflow to enhance heat transfer over heated tubes. This innovative system incorporates a perforated round baffle plate, accompanied by multiple rectangular air deflectors oriented in opposite directions at varying inclination angles. These deflectors are symmetrically arranged at different pitch ratios alongside consistently spaced tubes forming a circular configuration, all subject to a uniform heat flux. Enclosed within a circular duct with longitudinal airflow, the combined baffle plate and tube assembly bring forth efficient heat transfer. The air-side turbulence intensified by the deflectors induces a chaotic motion, contributing to enhanced surface heat transfer. Each baffle plate has twelve opposite-oriented deflectors, resulting in opposing swirl flows that further promote flow recirculation and augment surface heat transfer. The performance of this heat exchanger was evaluated by considering different pitch ratios and inclination angles across a Reynolds number range of 16000-30000. The findings demonstrate that the heat exchanger with rectangular flow deflectors on the baffle plate exhibits significant improvements in thermo-fluid performance. Notably, an average enhancement of 1.88 was observed at an inclination angle of 50 degrees and a pitch ratio of 1.2 when compared to an exchanger without baffle plates, emphasizing the considerable impact of these design aspects.

该研究调查了一种非常规的热交换器设计，它利用漩涡气流来增强加热管的热传递。这种创新系统包括一个穿孔圆形挡板，以及多个矩形空气导流板，这些导流板以不同的倾斜角度朝相反的方向排列。这些导流板以不同的间距比对称地排列在间距一致的管子旁边，形成一个圆形结构，所有管子都受到均匀的热通量影响。在纵向气流的圆形管道内，挡板和管子的组合实现了高效的热传递。导流板加强了空气侧的湍流，诱发了混沌运动，从而增强了表面传热。每块折流板上都有十二个方向相反的导流板，从而形成相反的漩涡流，进一步促进流体再循环，增强表面传热。在 16000-30000 雷诺数范围内，通过考虑不同的间距比和倾角，对该热交换器的性能进行了评估。研究结果表明，在挡板上安装矩形导流板的热交换器在热流体性能方面有显著改善。值得注意的是，与不带折流板的热交换器相比，在倾角为 50 度、间距比为 1.2 时，平均提高了 1.88，这强调了这些设计方面的重大影响。

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引用次数: 0

Equations of state and hysteresis loops in isothermal cavitation 等温空化中的状态方程和滞后环

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2024.100195

Alexandre Hastenreiter Assumpção , Felipe Bastos de Freitas Rachid , Maria Laura Martins-Costa , Rogério Martins Saldanha da Gama

This paper investigates the influence of the use of the cubic equation of state (EOS) in the isothermal cavitation of compressible fluids. To do so, a thermodynamic consistent cavitation model that was recently proposed has been used. This model is derived under the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes and considers the irreversible dissipative character of the phase change transformation. Numerical simulations carried out using linear and cubic EOS are presented and compared. Neglecting surface tension effects, the results obtained demonstrate that there is no significant difference between the responses of these two types of EOS for water up to saturation pressures up to about 200 kPa. Hysteresis loops observed in the simulations with both types of EOS are virtually the same. It suggests that linear EOSs can provide good approximations for metastable behaviors (intrinsically present in cubic EOS) as well as for the Gibbs free energy difference (the thermodynamic force associated with irreversible phase change transformation), rendering a great simplification in the analysis.

本文研究了在可压缩流体的等温空化中使用立方状态方程（EOS）的影响。为此，采用了最近提出的热力学一致空化模型。该模型是根据不可逆过程热力学推导出来的，考虑了相变转化的不可逆耗散特性。文中介绍并比较了使用线性和立方 EOS 进行的数值模拟。在不考虑表面张力效应的情况下，所得结果表明这两种 EOS 对饱和压力高达约 200 kPa 的水的响应没有显著差异。在两种 EOS 的模拟中观察到的滞后环几乎相同。这表明，线性 EOS 可以很好地近似于可迁移行为（立方 EOS 中固有的）以及吉布斯自由能差（与不可逆相变转化相关的热动力），从而大大简化了分析。

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引用次数: 0

H(div)-conforming and discontinuous Galerkin approach for Herschel–Bulkley flow with density-dependent viscosity and yield stress H(div)-conforming and discontinuous Galerkin approach for Herschel-Bulkley flow with density-dependent viscosity and yield stress（具有密度粘度和屈服应力的 Herschel-Bulkley 流动的 H(div)-conforming 和不连续伽勒金方法

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2024.100193

Sergio González-Andrade , Paul E. Méndez Silva

This paper presents a comprehensive study on Herschel–Bulkley flow, where the flow parameters are dependent on the density. The Herschel–Bulkley model is a generalized power-law model used to simulate viscoplastic fluids defined by a plasticity threshold. We consider the case where the plasticity threshold and the viscosity depend on the shear rate and fluid density. To analyze this model, we use a Huber regularization of the stress and propose an H(div)-conforming and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) numerical approximation for the coupled equations governing the flow. We discuss the stability and existence of discrete solutions and propose a semismooth Newton linearization for the numerical solution of the discretized system. Our numerical scheme is validated through several experiments that explore the behavior of Herschel–Bulkley flow under different conditions. The results demonstrate the robustness of our numerical method.

本文对 Herschel-Bulkley 流动进行了全面研究，其中流动参数取决于密度。Herschel-Bulkley 模型是一种广义幂律模型，用于模拟由塑性阈值定义的粘性流体。我们考虑的是塑性阈值和粘度取决于剪切速率和流体密度的情况。为了分析该模型，我们使用了应力的 Huber 正则化，并为控制流动的耦合方程提出了 H(div)-conforming 和非连续 Galerkin (DG) 数值近似。我们讨论了离散解的稳定性和存在性，并为离散系统的数值求解提出了一种半滑牛顿线性化方法。我们的数值方案通过几个实验进行了验证，这些实验探索了不同条件下赫歇尔-布尔克利流的行为。结果证明了我们的数值方法的稳健性。

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引用次数: 0

Stability of fully developed pipe flow of a shear-thinning fluid that approximates the response of viscoplastic fluids 近似于粘塑性流体响应的剪切稀化流体完全发展管道流动的稳定性

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2024.100191

Mohan Anand , Paluri Kiranmai , Sai Manikiran Garimella

The stability of steady, fully developed flow in a long cylindrical pipe for a shear-thinning fluid (which approximates a class of viscoplastic materials) is studied using linear stability analysis. The eigenvalues of the frequency of the perturbation of the steady-state solution are obtained using the shooting method. The eigenvalues are negative in the Reynolds number range studied and asymptotically tend to zero as the Reynolds number increases. This shows the pipe flow is stable in the Reynolds number range studied. A qualitatively similar trend is shown by the eigenvalues of a Navier–Stokes fluid of equivalent viscosity. However, the eigenvalues are much lesser than those of the shear-thinning fluid, and this shows that the flow of the Navier–Stokes fluid can be expected to be stable over a much larger Reynolds number range than the shear-thinning fluid.

采用线性稳定性分析方法，研究了剪切稀化流体（近似于一类粘性材料）在长圆柱形管道中稳定、充分发展的流动的稳定性。使用射击法获得了稳态解的扰动频率特征值。在所研究的雷诺数范围内，特征值为负值，随着雷诺数的增加，特征值逐渐趋于零。这表明在所研究的雷诺数范围内，管道流动是稳定的。具有等效粘度的纳维-斯托克斯流体的特征值也显示出本质上相似的趋势。不过，其特征值远小于剪切稀化流体的特征值，这表明纳维-斯托克斯流体的流动在雷诺数范围内的稳定性远大于剪切稀化流体。

引用次数: 0

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