{"title":"更高级别的地理复合体和地理球的层结构","authors":"S. V. Osipov","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823030095","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The aim of this paper is to clarify the system of higher classes of geographical complexes and to identify on their basis natural and natural-technogenic types of layering of the geographical sphere, as well as to discuss the landscape sphere concept. A model of the geographical sphere (geographical envelope, epigeosphere) is proposed on the basis of vertically alternating layers, each of which is a set of laterally bordering geocomplexes of the landscape level at the boundary between geospheres (atmo-, hydro-, and lithosphere) or within one of them. We have substantiated the classification scheme of seven divisions (classes of the highest rank) of natural geocomplexes: atmolithospheric (terrestrial), hydrolithospheric (bottom (underwater) and glacial-mineral (subglacial)), atmohydrospheric (air-water (water-surface) and air-glacial), atmohydrolithospheric (amphibious and glacial), atmospheric (air), hydrospheric (water and glacial), and lithospheric (underground (mineral)). The classification of geocomplexes is a uniform basis for a comparative analysis of the most diverse parts of the geographical sphere. This approach enables us to display not only the layering, but all aspects of the spatial structure and may be used not only at global and regional, but also at local levels. The same model enables us to reflect anthropogenic changes of the spatial structure. Four natural types of the layer structure of the geographical sphere (epigeosphere) are distinguished: terrestrial, amphibious (continental and marine) and glacial, midwater (marine and continental) and glacial, and deepwater (oceanic and marine) and glacial. Five technogenically modified (natural-technogenic) subtypes of the layered structure are identified: two in the terrestrial and one in each of the other types. The concept of the landscape sphere as part of the geographical sphere (epigeosphere) along the contact zones of partial geospheres is supplemented by the idea of the landscape sphere as a sphere allocated to the outer boundary of the lithosphere. In this version of the concept, the landscape sphere is formed by geocomplexes of three classes: atmolithospheric, atmohydrolithospheric, and hydrolithospheric.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Higher Classes of Geographical Complexes and Layer Structure of the Geographical Sphere\",\"authors\":\"S. V. Osipov\",\"doi\":\"10.1134/s1875372823030095\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Abstract</h3><p>The aim of this paper is to clarify the system of higher classes of geographical complexes and to identify on their basis natural and natural-technogenic types of layering of the geographical sphere, as well as to discuss the landscape sphere concept. A model of the geographical sphere (geographical envelope, epigeosphere) is proposed on the basis of vertically alternating layers, each of which is a set of laterally bordering geocomplexes of the landscape level at the boundary between geospheres (atmo-, hydro-, and lithosphere) or within one of them. We have substantiated the classification scheme of seven divisions (classes of the highest rank) of natural geocomplexes: atmolithospheric (terrestrial), hydrolithospheric (bottom (underwater) and glacial-mineral (subglacial)), atmohydrospheric (air-water (water-surface) and air-glacial), atmohydrolithospheric (amphibious and glacial), atmospheric (air), hydrospheric (water and glacial), and lithospheric (underground (mineral)). The classification of geocomplexes is a uniform basis for a comparative analysis of the most diverse parts of the geographical sphere. This approach enables us to display not only the layering, but all aspects of the spatial structure and may be used not only at global and regional, but also at local levels. The same model enables us to reflect anthropogenic changes of the spatial structure. Four natural types of the layer structure of the geographical sphere (epigeosphere) are distinguished: terrestrial, amphibious (continental and marine) and glacial, midwater (marine and continental) and glacial, and deepwater (oceanic and marine) and glacial. Five technogenically modified (natural-technogenic) subtypes of the layered structure are identified: two in the terrestrial and one in each of the other types. The concept of the landscape sphere as part of the geographical sphere (epigeosphere) along the contact zones of partial geospheres is supplemented by the idea of the landscape sphere as a sphere allocated to the outer boundary of the lithosphere. In this version of the concept, the landscape sphere is formed by geocomplexes of three classes: atmolithospheric, atmohydrolithospheric, and hydrolithospheric.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":44739,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Geography and Natural Resources\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Geography and Natural Resources\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823030095\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOGRAPHY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Geography and Natural Resources","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823030095","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"GEOGRAPHY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Higher Classes of Geographical Complexes and Layer Structure of the Geographical Sphere
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to clarify the system of higher classes of geographical complexes and to identify on their basis natural and natural-technogenic types of layering of the geographical sphere, as well as to discuss the landscape sphere concept. A model of the geographical sphere (geographical envelope, epigeosphere) is proposed on the basis of vertically alternating layers, each of which is a set of laterally bordering geocomplexes of the landscape level at the boundary between geospheres (atmo-, hydro-, and lithosphere) or within one of them. We have substantiated the classification scheme of seven divisions (classes of the highest rank) of natural geocomplexes: atmolithospheric (terrestrial), hydrolithospheric (bottom (underwater) and glacial-mineral (subglacial)), atmohydrospheric (air-water (water-surface) and air-glacial), atmohydrolithospheric (amphibious and glacial), atmospheric (air), hydrospheric (water and glacial), and lithospheric (underground (mineral)). The classification of geocomplexes is a uniform basis for a comparative analysis of the most diverse parts of the geographical sphere. This approach enables us to display not only the layering, but all aspects of the spatial structure and may be used not only at global and regional, but also at local levels. The same model enables us to reflect anthropogenic changes of the spatial structure. Four natural types of the layer structure of the geographical sphere (epigeosphere) are distinguished: terrestrial, amphibious (continental and marine) and glacial, midwater (marine and continental) and glacial, and deepwater (oceanic and marine) and glacial. Five technogenically modified (natural-technogenic) subtypes of the layered structure are identified: two in the terrestrial and one in each of the other types. The concept of the landscape sphere as part of the geographical sphere (epigeosphere) along the contact zones of partial geospheres is supplemented by the idea of the landscape sphere as a sphere allocated to the outer boundary of the lithosphere. In this version of the concept, the landscape sphere is formed by geocomplexes of three classes: atmolithospheric, atmohydrolithospheric, and hydrolithospheric.
期刊介绍:
Geography and Natural Resources publishes information on research results in the field of geographical studies of nature, the economy, and the population. It provides ample coverage of the geographical aspects related to solving major economic problems, with special emphasis on regional nature management and environmental protection, geographical forecasting, integral regional research developments, modelling of natural processes, and on the advancement of mapping techniques. The journal publishes contributions on monitoring studies, geographical research abroad, as well as discussions on the theory of science.