V. Bhadauria, Manyu Zhang, Wendi Ma, Jun Yang, Wensheng Zhao, You-Liang Peng
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引用次数: 0
摘要
Colletotrichum spp.是一种子囊真菌,可导致多种经济作物发生炭疽病。这些真菌的基因组分布在十条核心染色体和两到三条小染色体上。核心染色体调控真菌的生长、发育和毒力,而小染色体在这些过程中的参与程度仍不确定。在此,我们讨论了三种半营养型 Colletotrichum 病原体(即 C. graminicola、C. higginsianum 和 C. lentis)的迷你染色体。这些迷你染色体的长度通常小于一百万位碱基,其特点是含有较多的重复 DNA 元素、较低的 GC 含量、较高的重复诱导点突变(RIPM)频率和稀疏的基因分布。分子遗传学和功能分析表明,这些病原体含有一个条件性可有可无的小染色体,它对真菌的生长发育是可有可无的,但对真菌对宿主的毒力却是不可或缺的。它们似乎是菌株特异性的创新,并被高度区隔为富含 AT 和富含 GC 的区块,这是 RIPMs 的结果,这可能有助于保护条件性可有可无的小染色体免受已经稀缺的基因的侵蚀,从而帮助壳针孢属病原体保持对宿主的适应性。总之,了解这些小染色体的条件可丢弃性的内在机制,可以为控制农作物炭疽病提供新的策略。
The Hidden Truths of Fungal Virulence and Adaptation on Hosts: Unraveling the Conditional Dispensability of Minichromosomes in the Hemibiotrophic Colletotrichum Pathogens
Colletotrichum spp. are ascomycete fungi and cause anthracnose disease in numerous crops of economic significance. The genomes of these fungi are distributed among ten core chromosomes and two to three minichromosomes. While the core chromosomes regulate fungal growth, development and virulence, the extent to which the minichromosomes are involved in these processes is still uncertain. Here, we discuss the minichromosomes of three hemibiotrophic Colletotrichum pathogens, i.e., C. graminicola, C. higginsianum and C. lentis. These minichromosomes are typically less than one megabase in length, characterized by containing higher repetitive DNA elements, lower GC content, higher frequency of repeat-induced point mutations (RIPMs) and sparse gene distribution. Molecular genetics and functional analyses have revealed that these pathogens harbor one conditionally dispensable minichromosome, which is dispensable for fungal growth and development but indispensable for fungal virulence on hosts. They appear to be strain-specific innovations and are highly compartmentalized into AT-rich and GC-rich blocks, resulting from RIPMs, which may help protect the conditionally dispensable minichromosomes from erosion of already scarce genes, thereby helping the Colletotrichum pathogens maintain adaptability on hosts. Overall, understanding the mechanisms underlying the conditional dispensability of these minichromosomes could lead to new strategies for controlling anthracnose disease in crops.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) provides an advanced forum for chemistry, molecular physics (chemical physics and physical chemistry) and molecular biology. It publishes research articles, reviews, communications and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their theoretical and experimental results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers or the number of electronics supplementary files. For articles with computational results, the full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material (including animated pictures, videos, interactive Excel sheets, software executables and others).