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Role of Different Variants of Leptin Receptor in Human Adrenal Tumor Types 瘦素受体不同变体在人类肾上腺肿瘤类型中的作用
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168682
Anna Klimont, M. Ruciński, N. Sawicka-Gutaj, Marta Szyszka, Małgorzata Blatkiewicz, Tomasz Wierzbicki, Marek Karczewski, M. Janicka-Jedyńska, M. Ruchała, Hanna Komarowska
The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of leptin receptor isoforms in adrenal tumors. In a single-center study, 96 patients (19 with adrenal cortical carcinoma and 77 with benign tumors) underwent an adrenalectomy. A total of 14 unaffected adrenal gland tissues from kidney donors were used as controls. Fasting blood samples were collected for laboratory tests, and mRNA expressions of leptin receptor isoforms were assessed by RT-qPCR. The study analyzed correlations between mRNA expressions and clinical data and measured NCI-H295R cell proliferation via a real-time cell analyzer. All adrenal lesions expressed leptin receptor isoforms. Significantly lower LepR1 expression was observed in carcinoma tissues than in adenomas and controls (p = 0.016). Expressions of LepR3&LepR6 were correlated with overall survival (p = 0.036), while LepR2&LepR4 and LepR5 expressions were inversely related to morning serum cortisol levels (p = 0.041). Leptin reduced NCI-H295R cell proliferation (p < 0.0001). The study highlights the diagnostic and prognostic significance of leptin receptor isoforms in adrenal tumors. Specifically, LepR1 may serve as a diagnostic marker for carcinomas, while LepR3&LepR6 have potential use as prognostic markers.
该研究旨在评估肾上腺肿瘤中瘦素受体同工酶的诊断和预后意义。在一项单中心研究中,96名患者(19名肾上腺皮质癌患者和77名良性肿瘤患者)接受了肾上腺切除术。共有 14 个来自肾脏捐献者的未受影响的肾上腺组织作为对照。研究人员采集了空腹血样进行化验,并通过 RT-qPCR 评估了瘦素受体同工酶的 mRNA 表达。研究分析了mRNA表达与临床数据之间的相关性,并通过实时细胞分析仪测量了NCI-H295R细胞的增殖情况。所有肾上腺病变均表达瘦素受体同工酶。在癌组织中观察到的LepR1表达明显低于腺瘤和对照组(p = 0.016)。LepR3和LepR6的表达与总生存率相关(p = 0.036),而LepR2和LepR4以及LepR5的表达与早晨血清皮质醇水平成反比(p = 0.041)。瘦素可减少NCI-H295R细胞的增殖(p < 0.0001)。该研究强调了瘦素受体同工酶在肾上腺肿瘤中的诊断和预后意义。具体来说,LepR1可作为癌变的诊断标志物,而LepR3和LepR6则可作为预后标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Selected Saliva-Derived Cytokines and Growth Factors Are Elevated in Pediatric Dentofacial Inflammation 某些唾液衍生细胞因子和生长因子在小儿牙面炎症中升高
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168680
B. Orzechowska-Wylęgała, Adam Wylęgała, J. Z. Fiolka, Z. Czuba, Katarzyna Kryszan, Michał Toborek
Dentofacial inflammation resulting from untreated dental caries is a serious disease that can spread to deeper tissues of the neck and face. This study aimed to analyze salivary cytokine profiles as potential biomarkers of acute odontogenic infections in children. The study group consisted of 28 children aged 3–17 years old with acute dentofacial infections (DI) and a control group (caries experience, CE) of 52 children aged 4–17 years old with uncomplicated dental caries. The cytokine profile was analyzed using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex kit in the saliva of children in both groups. The levels of IL-4, IL-15, FGF-2, G-CSF, and PDGF-BB were significantly increased in children with dentofacial infections compared to the control group. In contrast, the levels of other cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ, did not show statistically significant differences between these two groups. IL-4, IL-15, FGF-2, G-CSF, and PDGF-BB may serve as potential selective biomarkers of inflammation of the oral cavity in children. These biomarkers can be useful in identifying and monitoring the progress and treatment of bacterial infections resulting in dentofacial inflammation.
龋齿不及时治疗导致的牙面炎症是一种严重的疾病,可扩散到颈部和面部的深层组织。本研究旨在分析作为儿童急性牙源性感染潜在生物标志物的唾液细胞因子谱。研究组包括28名3-17岁患有急性牙源性感染(DI)的儿童和52名4-17岁患有无并发症龋齿的对照组(龋齿经验,CE)。使用 Bio-Plex Pro 人类细胞因子 27-Plex 试剂盒对两组儿童唾液中的细胞因子谱进行了分析。与对照组相比,牙面感染患儿唾液中的IL-4、IL-15、FGF-2、G-CSF和PDGF-BB水平明显升高。相比之下,IL-2、IL-7、IL-9、IL-13、GM-CSF 和 IFN-γ 等其他细胞因子的水平在这两组之间没有显著的统计学差异。IL-4、IL-15、FGF-2、G-CSF 和 PDGF-BB 可作为儿童口腔炎症的潜在选择性生物标志物。这些生物标志物可用于识别和监测导致牙面炎症的细菌感染的进展和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated Transcriptomic–Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Effect of Different Light Intensities on Ovarian Development in Chickens 转录组-代谢组综合分析揭示不同光照强度对雏鸡卵巢发育的影响
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168704
Xiaoli Zhou, Yuhang Xu, Cheng Fang, Chutian Ye, Weiming Liang, Zhexia Fan, Xuerong Ma, Aijun Liu, Xiquan Zhang, Qingbin Luo
Light is a key environmental factor regulating reproduction in avians. However, the mechanism of light intensity regulating ovarian development is still unclear. In this study, 5-week-old (5 wk) partridge broiler breeders were randomly divided into a low-light-intensity group (LL group) and a natural-light-intensity group (NL group) (n = 100). In the rearing period (5 wk to 22 wk), the light intensity of the LL group and NL group were 0.41 ± 0.05 lux and 45.39 ± 1.09 lux, and in the laying period (23 wk to 32 wk) they were 23.92 ± 0.06 lux and 66.93 ± 0.76 lux, respectively. Samples were collected on 22 wk and 32 wk. The results showed that the LL group had a later age at first egg and a longer laying period than the NL group. Serum P4 and LH levels in the LL group were higher than in the NL group on 22 wk (p < 0.05). On 32 wk, P4, E2, LH and FSH levels in the LL group were lower than in the NL group (p < 0.05). Ovarian transcriptomics and metabolomics identified 128 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 467 differential metabolites (DMs) on 22 wk; 155 DEGs and 531 DMs on 32 wk between two groups. An enrichment analysis of these DEGs and DMs identified key signaling pathways, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. In these pathways, genes such as CYP21A1, SSTR2, and NPY may regulate the synthesis of metabolites, including tryptamine, triglycerides, and phenylalanine. These genes and metabolites may play a dominant role in the light-intensity regulation of ovarian development and laying performance in broiler breeders.
光是调节鸟类繁殖的关键环境因素。然而,光照强度调节卵巢发育的机制仍不清楚。本研究将5周龄(5 wk)鹧鸪种鸡随机分为低光照强度组(LL组)和自然光照强度组(NL组)(n = 100)。在育雏期(5 周至 22 周),LL 组和 NL 组的光照强度分别为 0.41 ± 0.05 勒克斯和 45.39 ± 1.09 勒克斯;在产蛋期(23 周至 32 周),LL 组和 NL 组的光照强度分别为 23.92 ± 0.06 勒克斯和 66.93 ± 0.76 勒克斯。样本采集时间为 22 周和 32 周。结果表明,LL 组比 NL 组的初产蛋日龄更晚,产蛋期更长。22 周时,LL 组的血清 P4 和 LH 水平高于 NL 组(P < 0.05)。32 周时,LL 组的 P4、E2、LH 和 FSH 水平低于 NL 组(p < 0.05)。卵巢转录组学和代谢组学在22周时发现了128个差异表达基因(DEGs)和467个差异代谢物(DMs);在32周时,两组间发现了155个差异表达基因(DEGs)和531个差异代谢物(DMs)。对这些 DEGs 和 DMs 的富集分析确定了关键的信号通路,包括类固醇激素的生物合成、神经活性配体与受体的相互作用。在这些途径中,CYP21A1、SSTR2 和 NPY 等基因可能会调节代谢物的合成,包括色胺、甘油三酯和苯丙氨酸。这些基因和代谢物可能在肉种鸡卵巢发育和产蛋性能的光强调节中发挥主导作用。
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引用次数: 0
Studying Pathogenetic Contribution of a Variant of Unknown Significance, p.M659I (c.1977G > A) in MYH7, to the Development of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Using CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered Isogenic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells 利用 CRISPR/Cas9 工程异源诱导多能干细胞研究 MYH7 中 p.M659I (c.1977G > A) 这一意义不明的变异对肥厚型心肌病发病的致病作用
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168695
S. Pavlova, A. E. Shulgina, S. M. Zakian, E. V. Dementyeva
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiovascular pathology that is caused by variants in genes encoding sarcomere-associated proteins. However, the clinical significance of numerous variants in HCM-associated genes is still unknown. CRISPR/Cas9 is a tool of nucleotide sequence editing that allows for the unraveling of different biological tasks. In this study, introducing a mutation with CRISPR/Cas9 into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of a healthy donor and the directed differentiation of the isogenic iPSC lines into cardiomyocytes were used to assess the pathogenicity of a variant of unknown significance, p.M659I (c.1977G > A) in MYH7, which was found previously in an HCM patient. Using two single-stranded donor oligonucleotides with and without the p.M659I (c.1977G > A) mutation, together with CRISPR/Cas9, an iPSC line heterozygous at the p.M659I (c.1977G > A) variant in MYH7 was generated. No CRISPR/Cas9 off-target activity was observed. The iPSC line with the introduced p.M659I (c.1977G > A) mutation in MYH7 retained its pluripotent state and normal karyotype. Compared to the isogenic control, cardiomyocytes derived from the iPSCs with the introduced p.M659I (c.1977G > A) mutation in MYH7 recapitulated known HCM features: enlarged size, elevated diastolic calcium level, changes in the expression of HCM-related genes, and disrupted energy metabolism. These findings indicate the pathogenicity of the variant.
肥厚型心肌病(HCM)是一种心血管疾病,由编码肌节相关蛋白的基因变异引起。然而,HCM 相关基因中的许多变异的临床意义尚不清楚。CRISPR/Cas9 是一种核苷酸序列编辑工具,可用于揭示不同的生物学任务。在这项研究中,利用 CRISPR/Cas9 向健康供体的诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)中导入突变,并将异源 iPSC 株定向分化为心肌细胞,从而评估了 MYH7 中一个意义不明的变异 p.M659I (c.1977G > A)的致病性。利用含有和不含 p.M659I (c.1977G > A) 突变的两条单链供体寡核苷酸,再加上 CRISPR/Cas9,产生了一个杂合 MYH7 中 p.M659I (c.1977G > A) 变异的 iPSC 株系。没有观察到 CRISPR/Cas9 的脱靶活性。引入了 MYH7 p.M659I(c.1977G > A)突变的 iPSC 株系保持了多能状态和正常核型。与同源对照组相比,从导入了 MYH7 基因 p.M659I(c.1977G > A)突变的 iPSCs 衍生的心肌细胞再现了已知的 HCM 特征:体积增大、舒张期钙水平升高、HCM 相关基因的表达发生变化以及能量代谢紊乱。这些发现表明该变异具有致病性。
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引用次数: 0
TNF Induces Laminin-332-Encoding Genes in Endothelial Cells and Laminin-332 Promotes an Atherogenic Endothelial Phenotype TNF 诱导内皮细胞中的层粘连蛋白-332 编码基因,层粘连蛋白-332 促进动脉粥样硬化内皮表型的形成
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168699
Assim Hayderi, Mulugeta Melkie Zegeye, Sare Meydan, A. Sirsjö, A. K. Kumawat, L. Ljungberg
Laminins are essential components of the basement membranes, expressed in a tissue- and cell-specific manner under physiological conditions. During inflammatory circumstances, such as atherosclerosis, alterations in laminin composition within vessels have been observed. Our study aimed to assess the influence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine abundantly found in atherosclerotic lesions, on endothelial laminin gene expression and the effects of laminin-332 (LN332) on endothelial cells’ behavior. We also evaluated the expression of LN332-encoding genes in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Our findings demonstrate that TNF induces upregulation of LAMB3 and LAMC2, which, along with LAMA3, encode the LN332 isoform. Endothelial cells cultured on recombinant LN332 exhibit decreased claudin-5 expression and display a loosely connected phenotype, with an elevated expression of chemokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules, enhancing their attractiveness and adhesion to leukocytes in vitro. Furthermore, LAMB3 and LAMC2 are upregulated in human carotid plaques and show a positive correlation with TNF expression. In summary, TNF stimulates the expression of LN332-encoding genes in human endothelial cells and LN332 promotes an endothelial phenotype characterized by compromised junctional integrity and increased leukocyte interaction. These findings highlight the importance of basement membrane proteins for endothelial integrity and the potential role of LN332 in atherosclerosis.
层粘连蛋白是基底膜的重要组成部分,在生理条件下以组织和细胞特异性的方式表达。在动脉粥样硬化等炎症情况下,已观察到血管内的层粘连蛋白成分发生了改变。我们的研究旨在评估动脉粥样硬化病变中大量存在的促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF)对内皮层粘连蛋白基因表达的影响,以及层粘连蛋白-332(LN332)对内皮细胞行为的影响。我们还评估了人类颈动脉粥样硬化斑块中 LN332 编码基因的表达。我们的研究结果表明,TNF 会诱导 LAMB3 和 LAMC2 的上调,它们与 LAMA3 一起编码 LN332 的异构体。在重组 LN332 上培养的内皮细胞的 claudin-5 表达减少,表现出松散连接的表型,趋化因子和白细胞粘附分子的表达升高,增强了它们对体外白细胞的吸引力和粘附性。此外,LAMB3 和 LAMC2 在人类颈动脉斑块中上调,并与 TNF 的表达呈正相关。总之,TNF 可刺激人内皮细胞中 LN332 编码基因的表达,LN332 可促进内皮表型的形成,这种表型的特点是交界完整性受损和白细胞相互作用增加。这些发现强调了基底膜蛋白对内皮完整性的重要性以及 LN332 在动脉粥样硬化中的潜在作用。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary Effects on the Gut Phageome 饮食对肠道噬菌体的影响
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168690
Andrea Howard, A. Carroll-Portillo, Joe Alcock, Henry C. Lin
As knowledge of the gut microbiome has expanded our understanding of the symbiotic and dysbiotic relationships between the human host and its microbial constituents, the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) microbes both locally and beyond the intestine has become evident. Shifts in bacterial populations have now been associated with several conditions including Crohn’s disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Disease, liver diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, anxiety, depression, and cancers. As the bacteria in our gut thrive on the food we eat, diet plays a critical role in the functional aspects of our gut microbiome, influencing not only health but also the development of disease. While the bacterial microbiome in the context of disease is well studied, the associated gut phageome—bacteriophages living amongst and within our bacterial microbiome—is less well understood. With growing evidence that fluctuations in the phageome also correlate with dysbiosis, how diet influences this population needs to be better understood. This review surveys the current understanding of the effects of diet on the gut phageome.
随着对肠道微生物组的了解,我们对人类宿主与其微生物成分之间的共生和失调关系有了更深入的认识,胃肠道(GI)微生物对肠道内外的影响也变得显而易见。目前,细菌群的变化已与多种疾病相关,包括克罗恩病(CD)、溃疡性结肠炎(UC)、肠易激综合征(IBS)、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肝病、肥胖症、代谢综合征、焦虑症、抑郁症和癌症。肠道中的细菌依靠我们所吃的食物生长,因此饮食在肠道微生物组的功能方面起着至关重要的作用,不仅影响健康,还影响疾病的发展。细菌微生物组与疾病的关系研究得很清楚,但与之相关的肠道噬菌体--生活在细菌微生物组中的噬菌体--却不那么为人所知。越来越多的证据表明,噬菌体群的波动也与菌群失调有关,因此需要更好地了解饮食是如何影响噬菌体群的。这篇综述探讨了目前人们对饮食对肠道噬菌体影响的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Modifying Membranotropic Action of Antimicrobial Peptide Gramicidin S by Star-like Polyacrylamide and Lipid Composition of Nanocontainers 通过星状聚丙烯酰胺和纳米容器的脂质成分改变抗菌肽 S 的趋膜作用
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168691
O. Vashchenko, Volodymyr P. Berest, Liliia V. Sviechnikova, N. Kutsevol, N. Kasian, Dmitry S. Sofronov, Oleksii Skorokhod
Gramicidin S (GS), one of the first discovered antimicrobial peptides, still shows strong antibiotic activity after decades of clinical use, with no evidence of resistance. The relatively high hemolytic activity and narrow therapeutic window of GS limit its use in topical applications. Encapsulation and targeted delivery may be the way to develop the internal administration of this drug. The lipid composition of membranes and non-covalent interactions affect GS’s affinity for and partitioning into lipid bilayers as monomers or oligomers, which are crucial for GS activity. Using both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR methods, the impact of GS on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) membranes was tested. Additionally, the combined effect of GS and cholesterol on membrane characteristics was observed; while dipalmitoylphosphatydylglycerol (DPPG) and cerebrosides did not affect GS binding to DPPC membranes, cholesterol significantly altered the membrane, with 30% mol concentration being most effective in enhancing GS binding. The effect of star-like dextran-polyacrylamide D-g-PAA(PE) on GS binding to the membrane was tested, revealing that it interacted with GS in the membrane and significantly increased the proportion of GS oligomers. Instead, calcium ions affected GS binding to the membrane differently, with independent binding of calcium and GS and no interaction between them. This study shows how GS interactions with lipid membranes can be effectively modulated, potentially leading to new formulations for internal GS administration. Modified liposomes or polymer nanocarriers for targeted GS delivery could be used to treat protein misfolding disorders and inflammatory conditions associated with free-radical processes in cell membranes.
麸霉素 S(GS)是最早发现的抗菌肽之一,经过数十年的临床应用,它仍然具有很强的抗生素活性,而且没有抗药性的迹象。GS 相对较高的溶血活性和较窄的治疗窗口限制了其在局部应用中的使用。封装和靶向给药可能是开发这种药物体内给药的途径。膜的脂质成分和非共价相互作用会影响 GS 作为单体或低聚物与脂质双分子层的亲和力以及在脂质双分子层中的分配,这对 GS 的活性至关重要。利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和傅立叶变换红外光谱法测试了 GS 对二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)膜的影响。此外,还观察了 GS 和胆固醇对膜特性的联合影响;虽然二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油(DPPG)和脑苷脂不影响 GS 与 DPPC 膜的结合,但胆固醇会显著改变膜,其中 30% mol 浓度的胆固醇对增强 GS 结合最有效。测试了星状葡聚糖聚丙烯酰胺 D-g-PAA(PE)对 GS 与膜结合的影响,结果表明它与膜中的 GS 相互作用,并显著增加 GS 寡聚体的比例。相反,钙离子对 GS 与膜结合的影响不同,钙离子与 GS 的结合是独立的,两者之间没有相互作用。这项研究展示了如何有效调节 GS 与脂膜的相互作用,从而有可能开发出用于体内给药 GS 的新配方。用于靶向递送 GS 的改良脂质体或聚合物纳米载体可用于治疗与细胞膜自由基过程相关的蛋白质错误折叠紊乱和炎症。
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引用次数: 0
Astaxanthin, Compared to Other Carotenoids, Increases the Efficacy of Methotrexate in Rat Adjuvant Arthritis 与其他类胡萝卜素相比,虾青素能提高甲氨蝶呤对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的疗效
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168710
K. Pružinská, M. Chrastina, S. Khademnematolahi, Veronika Vyletelová, Lívia Gajdošová, Lucia Pastvová, F. Dráfi, S. Poništ, Ľ. Pašková, Jarmila Kucharská, Z. Sumbalová, J. Muchová, Silvia Martiniaková, K. Bauerová
This in vivo study performed in rat adjuvant arthritis aims to advance the understanding of astaxanthin’s therapeutic properties for the possible treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in monotherapy and along with the standard RA treatment, methotrexate (MTX), in combination therapy. The main goal was to elucidate astaxanthin’s full therapeutic potential, evaluate its dose dependency, and compare its effects in monotherapy with other carotenoids such as β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin (KXAN). Moreover, potential differences in therapeutic activity caused by using different sources of astaxanthin, synthetic (ASYN) versus isolated from Blakeslea trispora (ASTAP), were evaluated using one-way ANOVA (Tukey-Kramer post hoc test). KXAN was the most effective in reducing plasma MMP-9 levels in monotherapy, significantly better than MTX, and in reducing hind paw swelling. The differences in the action of ASTAP and ASYN have been observed across various biometric, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative parameters. In combined therapy with MTX, the ASYN + MTX combination proved to be better. These findings, especially the significant anti-arthritic effect of KXAN and ASYN + MTX, could be the basis for further preclinical studies.
这项在大鼠辅助关节炎中进行的体内研究旨在进一步了解虾青素的治疗特性,以便在单一疗法和与标准的类风湿性关节炎疗法甲氨蝶呤(MTX)联合疗法中治疗类风湿性关节炎(RA)。主要目的是阐明虾青素的全部治疗潜力,评估其剂量依赖性,并比较其在单一疗法中与β-胡萝卜素和β-隐黄素(KXAN)等其他类胡萝卜素的效果。此外,还使用单因子方差分析(Tukey-Kramer post hoc test)评估了使用不同来源的虾青素(合成虾青素(ASYN)与从三孢崖柏(Blakeslea trispora)中分离的虾青素(ASTAP))可能造成的治疗活性差异。在单药治疗中,KXAN 在降低血浆 MMP-9 水平方面的效果最好,明显优于 MTX,在减轻后爪肿胀方面也是如此。在各种生物计量、抗炎和抗氧化参数中观察到了 ASTAP 和 ASYN 的作用差异。在与 MTX 的联合治疗中,事实证明 ASYN + MTX 的组合效果更好。这些发现,尤其是 KXAN 和 ASYN + MTX 的显著抗关节炎效果,可作为进一步临床前研究的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Three Years On: The Role of Pegcetacoplan in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) since Its Initial Approval 三年过去了:哌西他可平首次获批以来在阵发性夜间血红蛋白尿症(PNH)中的作用
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168698
R. Horneff, Barbara Czech, M. Yeh, Elena Surova
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease characterized by complement-mediated hemolysis and potentially life-threatening complications. Pegcetacoplan, an inhibitor of complement components C3 and C3b, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2021. A recent expansion to its indication by the EMA has made pegcetacoplan available for the treatment of both complement inhibitor-naïve and -experienced patients with PNH who have hemolytic anemia, a similarly broad patient population as in the US. This approval was based on results from the Phase 3 PEGASUS study, where pegcetacoplan showed superiority over the C5 inhibitor eculizumab with regard to improving the hemoglobin level in patients with anemia despite eculizumab treatment, and the Phase 3 PRINCE study, where pegcetacoplan showed superiority over supportive care with regard to hemoglobin stabilization and improving the lactate dehydrogenase level in complement inhibitor-naïve patients. In light of this recent indication expansion by the EMA, this article describes how the strong efficacy of pegcetacoplan is linked to its mechanism of action, which provides broad hemolysis control over both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis to improve a range of disease markers and enhance patients’ quality of life. Furthermore, additional data and learnings obtained from over 3 years of experience with pegcetacoplan are summarized, including long-term efficacy and safety results, real-world clinical experiences, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and extensive practical guidance for the first-to-market proximal complement inhibitor for PNH.
阵发性夜间血红蛋白尿症(PNH)是一种罕见疾病,以补体介导的溶血和可能危及生命的并发症为特征。Pegcetacoplan 是补体成分 C3 和 C3b 的抑制剂,于 2021 年获得美国食品药品管理局 (FDA) 和欧洲药品管理局 (EMA) 批准。欧洲药品管理局(EMA)最近扩大了培加氯普兰的适应症范围,使其可用于治疗补体抑制剂无效和补体抑制剂有经验的溶血性贫血 PNH 患者,这与美国的适应症范围相似。这项批准是基于 3 期 PEGASUS 研究的结果,在这项研究中,培加氯普兰在改善虽接受了依库珠单抗治疗但仍患有贫血的患者的血红蛋白水平方面优于 C5 抑制剂依库珠单抗;在 3 期 PRINCE 研究中,培加氯普兰在稳定补体抑制剂无效患者的血红蛋白和改善乳酸脱氢酶水平方面优于支持性治疗。鉴于 EMA 最近扩大了该药的适应症范围,本文介绍了培高氯普兰的强大疗效如何与其作用机制相关联,即对血管内和血管外溶血进行广泛的溶血控制,从而改善一系列疾病指标并提高患者的生活质量。此外,还总结了培加氯普兰 3 年多的使用经验所获得的其他数据和心得,包括长期疗效和安全性结果、实际临床经验、药代动力学特征,以及针对 PNH 的首个上市近端补体抑制剂的广泛实用指导。
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引用次数: 0
Granzyme B Expression in Conjunctiva of Patients with Pterygium 翼状胬肉患者结膜中 Granzyme B 的表达
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168679
Yoojin Choi, Isa Samad, Harshini Chakravarthy, Joanne A. Matsubara, David J. Granville, Sonia N. Yeung
Pterygium is often associated with chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and characterized by the overgrowth of conjunctiva and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Notably, several studies in the skin have demonstrated that chronic UV radiation can upregulate Granzyme B (GrB) expression and increase ECM degradation. The aim of this study was to compare GrB expression between pterygium and healthy controls and to further link this GrB expression to mast cells. Post-mortem pterygium tissues and conjunctival tissues from age-matched controls were used to assess GrB expression via immunofluorescence and microscopy. We found a significantly higher density of GrB+ cells from pterygium specimens compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, many of the GrB+ cells in pterygium specimens co-expressed tryptase, a mast cell marker. These findings suggest a role for conjunctival mast cell-secreted GrB in the pathogenesis of pterygium and highlight GrB as a possible therapeutic target in delaying or halting pterygium progression.
翼状胬肉通常与长期紫外线(UV)照射有关,其特点是结膜过度生长和细胞外基质(ECM)重塑。值得注意的是,几项皮肤研究表明,慢性紫外线辐射可上调颗粒酶 B(GrB)的表达并增加 ECM 降解。本研究的目的是比较翼状胬肉和健康对照组的 GrB 表达,并进一步将 GrB 表达与肥大细胞联系起来。通过免疫荧光和显微镜检查,我们使用死后翼状胬肉组织和年龄匹配的对照组结膜组织来评估 GrB 的表达。我们发现,与健康对照组相比,翼状胬肉标本中的 GrB+ 细胞密度明显更高。此外,翼状胬肉标本中的许多 GrB+ 细胞同时表达一种肥大细胞标记物--胰蛋白酶。这些发现表明结膜肥大细胞分泌的 GrB 在翼状胬肉的发病机制中扮演了重要角色,并强调 GrB 可能是延缓或阻止翼状胬肉发展的治疗靶点。
{"title":"Granzyme B Expression in Conjunctiva of Patients with Pterygium","authors":"Yoojin Choi, Isa Samad, Harshini Chakravarthy, Joanne A. Matsubara, David J. Granville, Sonia N. Yeung","doi":"10.3390/ijms25168679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168679","url":null,"abstract":"Pterygium is often associated with chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and characterized by the overgrowth of conjunctiva and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Notably, several studies in the skin have demonstrated that chronic UV radiation can upregulate Granzyme B (GrB) expression and increase ECM degradation. The aim of this study was to compare GrB expression between pterygium and healthy controls and to further link this GrB expression to mast cells. Post-mortem pterygium tissues and conjunctival tissues from age-matched controls were used to assess GrB expression via immunofluorescence and microscopy. We found a significantly higher density of GrB+ cells from pterygium specimens compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, many of the GrB+ cells in pterygium specimens co-expressed tryptase, a mast cell marker. These findings suggest a role for conjunctival mast cell-secreted GrB in the pathogenesis of pterygium and highlight GrB as a possible therapeutic target in delaying or halting pterygium progression.","PeriodicalId":49179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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