热力学时间箭头对熵的影响

Opio Peter, Akullo Lydia, Bwayo Edward
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摘要

本研究评估了时间这一热力学箭头对煮沸的冷却水(物理过程)、宇宙和空气(自然过程)的熵的影响。具体方法是测定开水、宇宙和空气的熵。为此,我们使用了 1.5 升纯净水、2 升电热水壶、数字温度计、数字称重秤和秒表。沸水冷却时的熵值为负数,宇宙的熵值为负数和正数,空气(自然过程)的熵值为正数。这表明,对于任何物理过程(煮沸冷却的水和宇宙),热力学时间箭头不会影响正方向的熵值,而对于自然过程(空气),热力学时间箭头会影响正方向的熵值。煮沸冷却水是一个非自发过程,宇宙既是一个非自发过程,也是一个自发过程,而空气则是一个自发过程。研究表明,热力学时间箭头只对自然过程的熵产生正向影响,但对物理过程而言,熵既可以受到反向影响,也可以受到正向影响。
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Influence of Thermodynamic Arrow of Time on Entropy
This study assessed the influence of thermodynamic arrow of time on entropy for boiled cooling water (physical process), the universe and the air (natural process). This was done by determining the entropies of boiled water, the universe and air. This was achieved by using 1.5 litres of pure water, a 2 liter electric kettle, a digital thermometer, a digital weighing scale and a stop watch. The entropy values of boiled water as it was cooling, was in negatives, that of the universe was in negatives and positives and that of air (natural process) was positive. This showed that for any physical process, (boiled cooling water and the universe) thermodynamic arrow of time does not influence entropy in the positive direction while as for a natural process (air), thermodynamic arrow of time influences entropy in the positive direction. The boiledcooling water was a non-spontaneous process, the universe was both non-spontaneous and spontaneous and the air was a spontaneous process. The study has shown that thermodynamic arrow of time influences only entropies of natural process in the forward direction but for the physical process, the entropy can be  influenced both backwards and forwardwise.
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