Immunomodulatory effect of Eugenia caryophyllata against Vitamin D-induced Toxicity in Liver of Male Westar Rats

Background: Vitamin D is essential for overall health, wellbeing and immune system. hypervitaminosis D led to many deleterious effects and increased mortality. This study aimed evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of eugenol (volatile phenolic constituent of clove essential oil obtained from Eugenia caryophyllata) against inflammation induced by vitamin D toxicity. Methods: Vitamin D (100 mg/kg) was orally administered into male albino rats followed by an oral administration of eugenol (100 mg/kg) for two months. Result: Histological results showed Vitamin D intoxication cause distinct alterations such as loss of lobular architecture, fibrosis and necrosis, treatment of eugenol with injected of Vitamin D showed improvement in the histological features of liver tissues. The study showed that a significant upregulation in the TNF-a, IL-2 and iNOS genes expression levels caused by Vitamin D compared to the control group. eugenol treatment caused a significant decreased TNF-a, IL-2 and iNOS activity and down-regulated gene expression levels. In Conclusion, hepatoprotective effects of eugenol through inhibiting pro-inflammation by vitamin D toxicity and increase the activity of the antioxidant defense system.