B. O. Alshammari, Mohammed A. M. Wadaan, A. Baabbad, Mohamed Mohany, E. Damra, W. Hozzein
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and very lethal malignancy, resulting in more than one million deaths and nearly two million newly diagnosed cases in the year 2018. Streptomyces bacteria are a potential source of conventional compounds, as their extract contains bioactive chemicals with antiproliferative effects in cell culture settings. The aim of this research was to investigate the antiproliferative effects of the Streptomyces ethyl acetate fraction against the Caco-2 and HCT116 cell line in addition to its fundamental mechanisms. Methods: We examined the effects of Streptomyces extract on colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and HT-116 by incubating the cells with and without the extract. Antiproliferative effects are analyzed using the MTT cell proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis and flow cytometric detection of Annexin V/PI apoptosis. The formation of intracellular ROS was measured, in addition to Western Blot for Bax, Bcl2 and caspase-3 activation. Result: Our findings showed the dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth by streptomyces extract. Both Caco-2 and HT-116 cells treated with streptomyces extract displayed the beginning of apoptotic events and G1 cell-cycle arrest. Additionally, treat with the streptomyces extract significantly increased (P less than 0.05) ROS production, Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 were increased, while Bcl-2 was downregulated, as determined by western blotting.
{"title":"Organic Extract of Streptomyces Induces Apoptosis, Anti-Proliferation and Cell-Cycle Arrest in Colon Cancer Cells: Caco-2 and HCT116 Cell Line as Surrogate Model","authors":"B. O. Alshammari, Mohammed A. M. Wadaan, A. Baabbad, Mohamed Mohany, E. Damra, W. Hozzein","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1726","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and very lethal malignancy, resulting in more than one million deaths and nearly two million newly diagnosed cases in the year 2018. Streptomyces bacteria are a potential source of conventional compounds, as their extract contains bioactive chemicals with antiproliferative effects in cell culture settings. The aim of this research was to investigate the antiproliferative effects of the Streptomyces ethyl acetate fraction against the Caco-2 and HCT116 cell line in addition to its fundamental mechanisms. Methods: We examined the effects of Streptomyces extract on colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and HT-116 by incubating the cells with and without the extract. Antiproliferative effects are analyzed using the MTT cell proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis and flow cytometric detection of Annexin V/PI apoptosis. The formation of intracellular ROS was measured, in addition to Western Blot for Bax, Bcl2 and caspase-3 activation. Result: Our findings showed the dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth by streptomyces extract. Both Caco-2 and HT-116 cells treated with streptomyces extract displayed the beginning of apoptotic events and G1 cell-cycle arrest. Additionally, treat with the streptomyces extract significantly increased (P less than 0.05) ROS production, Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 were increased, while Bcl-2 was downregulated, as determined by western blotting.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"10 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Cuevas-Rodríguez, O.I. Zavala-Leal, M. Ruiz-Velazco, E.O. Cuevas-Rodríguez, L. Sánchez-Magaña, F. Valdez‐González
Background: Jackfruit seeds have been studied in the pharmaceutical industry, one way of exploiting the potential of this ingredient could be as a protein source in the elaboration of fish food. Jackfruit seeds were subjected to different processes to obtain meals to be added to the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The effects of this addition on growth, elimination of antinutritional factors, and repercussion on the health of tilapia was evaluated. Method: For the bioassay of the productive yield, three experimental diets were prepared, consisting of a control diet of fishmeal and four treatments: raw jackfruit seeds (RJS), hulled jackfruit seeds (HJS), extruded jackfruit seeds (EJS) and hulled and extruded jackfruit seeds (HEJS). For the growth study, 1600-L experimental units were used. Three replicates per treatment were used, initial weight of tilapias was of 1.8±0.2 g. At the end of the feeding study, a blood sample was taken from the caudal vein, using a hypodermic syringe and EDTA as anticoagulant for the hematology (hemoglobin/hematocrit). Results: Significant differences among treatments using jackfruit seeds, subjected to hulling and extrusion (CEJS) processes, were observed in weight gain (24.3±1.1 g), whereas blood parameters, the red blood cells (RBC) count and the hematocrit (Hct) were significantly higher in the jackfruit seeds subjected to only one treatment (39.8±6.49) respect to the control diet (27.4±3.18). Regarding the MCH and MCHC variables, lower values were observed with the diets using EDJS, showing a significant diminution in the RBC concentration (13.2±2.5) compared to the control diet (19.3±4.65). The processes used for the jackfruit seeds allowed formulating diets with a higher protein quality, which resulted in an increment in weight gain, without observing any effect on the health indicators and nutritional status of fish.
{"title":"Effect of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Seed Processing on the Diets of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Growth, Antinutrients, and Blood Parameters","authors":"B. Cuevas-Rodríguez, O.I. Zavala-Leal, M. Ruiz-Velazco, E.O. Cuevas-Rodríguez, L. Sánchez-Magaña, F. Valdez‐González","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1717","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Jackfruit seeds have been studied in the pharmaceutical industry, one way of exploiting the potential of this ingredient could be as a protein source in the elaboration of fish food. Jackfruit seeds were subjected to different processes to obtain meals to be added to the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The effects of this addition on growth, elimination of antinutritional factors, and repercussion on the health of tilapia was evaluated. Method: For the bioassay of the productive yield, three experimental diets were prepared, consisting of a control diet of fishmeal and four treatments: raw jackfruit seeds (RJS), hulled jackfruit seeds (HJS), extruded jackfruit seeds (EJS) and hulled and extruded jackfruit seeds (HEJS). For the growth study, 1600-L experimental units were used. Three replicates per treatment were used, initial weight of tilapias was of 1.8±0.2 g. At the end of the feeding study, a blood sample was taken from the caudal vein, using a hypodermic syringe and EDTA as anticoagulant for the hematology (hemoglobin/hematocrit). Results: Significant differences among treatments using jackfruit seeds, subjected to hulling and extrusion (CEJS) processes, were observed in weight gain (24.3±1.1 g), whereas blood parameters, the red blood cells (RBC) count and the hematocrit (Hct) were significantly higher in the jackfruit seeds subjected to only one treatment (39.8±6.49) respect to the control diet (27.4±3.18). Regarding the MCH and MCHC variables, lower values were observed with the diets using EDJS, showing a significant diminution in the RBC concentration (13.2±2.5) compared to the control diet (19.3±4.65). The processes used for the jackfruit seeds allowed formulating diets with a higher protein quality, which resulted in an increment in weight gain, without observing any effect on the health indicators and nutritional status of fish.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.S. Dorothy, N. Felix, B.K. Bhattacharjya, B. Ahilan, A. Uma, P. Chidambaram
Background: An experimental study was conducted during June-November 2020 at Tungjoy village of Manipur, India, to assess the assemblage pattern, abundance and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in simultaneously integrated paddy-cum-fish culture (IPFC). Methods: The experimental IPFC fields were prepared by enhancing width and height of dykes and constructing central refuge pond. Rice saplings were manually transplanted into the prepared fields in June 2020 while the common carp fingerlings were introduced 30 days after rice-transplantation. Both rice and fish were harvested in November 2020. Assemblage pattern, abundance and dynamics of phytoplankton, soil nutrients and water quality were analysed for three seasons (monsoon, post-monsoon and winter) in paddy fields without fish (PF) compared with IPFC fields. Relevant fish growth parameters were analysed on monthly basis. Result: The study recorded 37 genera of phytoplankton belonging to 25 families and 18 orders falling under class Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Bacillariophyceae was the most diverse class. Phytoplankton density ranges from 14.00±1.57 × 103 to 33.25±3.60 × 103 µL-1 and 9.05±2.27 × 103 to 33.06±3.45 × 103 µL-1 in PF and IPFC, respectively, wherein Chlorophyceae dominated during monsoon and post-monsoon. Phytoplankton in IPFC was lower than PF, indicating effective utilisation by the reared fish. Fish production from IPFC fields was 326 kg ha-1 with 83% survival rate while rice production was enhanced by 7.4% as compared to rice monoculture.
{"title":"Seasonal Dynamics of Phytoplankton in Integrated Paddy-cum-Fish Culture","authors":"M.S. Dorothy, N. Felix, B.K. Bhattacharjya, B. Ahilan, A. Uma, P. Chidambaram","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5187","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An experimental study was conducted during June-November 2020 at Tungjoy village of Manipur, India, to assess the assemblage pattern, abundance and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in simultaneously integrated paddy-cum-fish culture (IPFC). Methods: The experimental IPFC fields were prepared by enhancing width and height of dykes and constructing central refuge pond. Rice saplings were manually transplanted into the prepared fields in June 2020 while the common carp fingerlings were introduced 30 days after rice-transplantation. Both rice and fish were harvested in November 2020. Assemblage pattern, abundance and dynamics of phytoplankton, soil nutrients and water quality were analysed for three seasons (monsoon, post-monsoon and winter) in paddy fields without fish (PF) compared with IPFC fields. Relevant fish growth parameters were analysed on monthly basis. Result: The study recorded 37 genera of phytoplankton belonging to 25 families and 18 orders falling under class Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Bacillariophyceae was the most diverse class. Phytoplankton density ranges from 14.00±1.57 × 103 to 33.25±3.60 × 103 µL-1 and 9.05±2.27 × 103 to 33.06±3.45 × 103 µL-1 in PF and IPFC, respectively, wherein Chlorophyceae dominated during monsoon and post-monsoon. Phytoplankton in IPFC was lower than PF, indicating effective utilisation by the reared fish. Fish production from IPFC fields was 326 kg ha-1 with 83% survival rate while rice production was enhanced by 7.4% as compared to rice monoculture.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Repeated breeding is a substantial problem in dairy cattle affecting reproductive efficiency. The goal of the current study was to see how intrauterine treatment of phytotherapeutic plant extract affected some hormonal indicators and conception rates in dairy cattle with fertility issues. Methods: In the study, 40 repeat breeder (RB) cattle were randomly divided into two groups. Forty ml (0.25 g/mL) Momordica charantia L. (MC) extract was administered intrauterine to cattle in group I (n=20) and 40 ml of pure olive oil was administered intrauterine to cattle in group II (n=20) at a time. The control group, group III (n=20), was composed of healthy heifers. Endometrial smear samples were taken from all RB cattle for cytological examination before the treatment and all were stained with Giemsa. Estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels were assessed by collecting blood samples starting from intrauterine treatment on days 0, 7 and 14. After the last blood sample was collected, the estrus cycles of all cattle were synchronized through a double dose of PGF2α administration at 14-day intervals. GnRH was administered with single insemination at the 60th hour following the second PGF2α treatment. Result: Subclinical endometritis was determined in 82.5% (33/40) of RB cattle. Pregnancy rates in group I, group II and group III were determined as 55%, 35% and 35%.respectively.(P greater than 0.05). There was no significant difference in E2 values according to time and between groups. For P4, there were also no significant differences between three time-dependent measurements, but there was a difference in the 7th and 14th days of the groups (P less than 0.01). For IGF-1, significant differences were found between the three time-dependent measurements of the groups (P less than 0.001). In conclusion, it was observed that the MC extract treatment, especially in RB with SCE, can improve the pregnancy rate by positively affecting the increase in IGF-1 which is a key element of the extremely complex endocrine system.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Intrauterine Treatment with Momordica charantia L. on Some Hormone Parameters in Repeat Breeder Cattle","authors":"B. Emre","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1714","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Repeated breeding is a substantial problem in dairy cattle affecting reproductive efficiency. The goal of the current study was to see how intrauterine treatment of phytotherapeutic plant extract affected some hormonal indicators and conception rates in dairy cattle with fertility issues. Methods: In the study, 40 repeat breeder (RB) cattle were randomly divided into two groups. Forty ml (0.25 g/mL) Momordica charantia L. (MC) extract was administered intrauterine to cattle in group I (n=20) and 40 ml of pure olive oil was administered intrauterine to cattle in group II (n=20) at a time. The control group, group III (n=20), was composed of healthy heifers. Endometrial smear samples were taken from all RB cattle for cytological examination before the treatment and all were stained with Giemsa. Estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels were assessed by collecting blood samples starting from intrauterine treatment on days 0, 7 and 14. After the last blood sample was collected, the estrus cycles of all cattle were synchronized through a double dose of PGF2α administration at 14-day intervals. GnRH was administered with single insemination at the 60th hour following the second PGF2α treatment. Result: Subclinical endometritis was determined in 82.5% (33/40) of RB cattle. Pregnancy rates in group I, group II and group III were determined as 55%, 35% and 35%.respectively.(P greater than 0.05). There was no significant difference in E2 values according to time and between groups. For P4, there were also no significant differences between three time-dependent measurements, but there was a difference in the 7th and 14th days of the groups (P less than 0.01). For IGF-1, significant differences were found between the three time-dependent measurements of the groups (P less than 0.001). In conclusion, it was observed that the MC extract treatment, especially in RB with SCE, can improve the pregnancy rate by positively affecting the increase in IGF-1 which is a key element of the extremely complex endocrine system.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gonca Ozan Kocamüftüoğlu, Nalan Kaya Tektemur, E. Güzel, A. Tektemur, I. E. Ozan
Background: Acetaminophen (APAP), a commonly used analgesic, causes acute kidney injury (AKI) in overdose although it is rare. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in the pathophysiology of renal damage, although the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of cyclosporin A (CsA), a mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (MPTP) inhibitor, with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in APAP-induced AKI. Methods: Male BALB/c mice were divided into control, APAP, APAP+NAC, APAP+CsA and APAP+NAC+CsA groups (n=6). A single dose of APAP (400 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. All other treatments (1200 mg/kg NAC, 50 mg/kg CsA) were performed intraperitoneally 3 h after APAP administration. All animals were decapitated and blood samples and kidney tissue samples were collected for evaluation. Serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured. The kidney tissue 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), cytochrome c (Cytc) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels and cytochrome c (Cytc) expressions were determined. Result: Increased Cr and BUN levels, histopathological examinations and expressions of 8-OHdG, 3-NT and Cytc were detected in the APAP group. Combined NAC+CsA treatment sufficiently reversed oxidative stress, serum Cr and BUN levels and histopathological alterations induced by APAP. Moreover, cytc levels and renal tubular injury were remarkably reduced by combined drug treatment compared to the APAP+NAC group. These data suggest that the therapeutic effect of combined NAC+CsA treatment in mice with APAP-induced nephrotoxicity can be related to the combination of the antioxidant effect of NAC and the mitochondrial MPTP inhibitor effect of CsA.
{"title":"Effects of Concomitant Use of N-acetylcysteine and Cyclosporine A on Acetaminophen-induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice","authors":"Gonca Ozan Kocamüftüoğlu, Nalan Kaya Tektemur, E. Güzel, A. Tektemur, I. E. Ozan","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1736","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acetaminophen (APAP), a commonly used analgesic, causes acute kidney injury (AKI) in overdose although it is rare. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in the pathophysiology of renal damage, although the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of cyclosporin A (CsA), a mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (MPTP) inhibitor, with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in APAP-induced AKI. Methods: Male BALB/c mice were divided into control, APAP, APAP+NAC, APAP+CsA and APAP+NAC+CsA groups (n=6). A single dose of APAP (400 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. All other treatments (1200 mg/kg NAC, 50 mg/kg CsA) were performed intraperitoneally 3 h after APAP administration. All animals were decapitated and blood samples and kidney tissue samples were collected for evaluation. Serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured. The kidney tissue 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), cytochrome c (Cytc) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels and cytochrome c (Cytc) expressions were determined. Result: Increased Cr and BUN levels, histopathological examinations and expressions of 8-OHdG, 3-NT and Cytc were detected in the APAP group. Combined NAC+CsA treatment sufficiently reversed oxidative stress, serum Cr and BUN levels and histopathological alterations induced by APAP. Moreover, cytc levels and renal tubular injury were remarkably reduced by combined drug treatment compared to the APAP+NAC group. These data suggest that the therapeutic effect of combined NAC+CsA treatment in mice with APAP-induced nephrotoxicity can be related to the combination of the antioxidant effect of NAC and the mitochondrial MPTP inhibitor effect of CsA.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mares, M. Murshed, Hossam M A Aljawdah, Waleed Ali Hailan, S. Al-Quraishy
Background: German cockroaches are the most common cockroach species in the world. Although German cockroach infestations occur in many human-inhabited spaces, they are most commonly associated with restaurants, food processing facilities, hotels, nursing homes. It’s also carried viruses, protozoa and infectious bacteria on the outside and inside of body surfaces and play a role in causing dizziness, asthma and nausea reactions in people. So, Blattella germanica is considered as an important medical and economic. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nerium oleander extract against cockroaches and inhibition hatching eggs in vitro using a dipping method test. Two graduated concentrations of extract (50 and 100 mg/ml) were tested at different periods and changes over time in the viability of cockroaches were registered for (1 and 2 hours) and in relation to Inhibition hatching eggs after 30 days. Distilled water and cypermethrin (0.1%) were used as negative and positive control, respectively. A chemical assay was performed by FT-IR to investigate the presence of several anticipated active chemical compounds in Nerium oleander leaf extract. Result: The analysis of phytochemicals by FT-IR for alcoholic extracts of Nerium oleander extracts revealed the presence of 12 effective chemical ingredients such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. The results showed that the extract had high efficacy in killing Cockroaches that were exposed to a high concentration of extract (100 mg/mL), the mortality rate was (90 and 100%), compared to the (cypermethrin 0.1%), the mortality rate was (70 and 100%) during the periods (1 and 2 hr) respectively. While the eggs cockroaches that were exposed to concentration of extract (100 mg/mL) and positive control (cypermethrin 0.1%) the hatching rate was (60 and 60%) after 30 days period respectively. While the negative control (without treated) was the hatching eggs cockroaches rate is (100%) during that period.
{"title":"In vitro Assessment of the Insecticidal Activity of Nerium oleander Extract against German Cockroaches (Blattella germanica)","authors":"M. Mares, M. Murshed, Hossam M A Aljawdah, Waleed Ali Hailan, S. Al-Quraishy","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1727","url":null,"abstract":"Background: German cockroaches are the most common cockroach species in the world. Although German cockroach infestations occur in many human-inhabited spaces, they are most commonly associated with restaurants, food processing facilities, hotels, nursing homes. It’s also carried viruses, protozoa and infectious bacteria on the outside and inside of body surfaces and play a role in causing dizziness, asthma and nausea reactions in people. So, Blattella germanica is considered as an important medical and economic. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nerium oleander extract against cockroaches and inhibition hatching eggs in vitro using a dipping method test. Two graduated concentrations of extract (50 and 100 mg/ml) were tested at different periods and changes over time in the viability of cockroaches were registered for (1 and 2 hours) and in relation to Inhibition hatching eggs after 30 days. Distilled water and cypermethrin (0.1%) were used as negative and positive control, respectively. A chemical assay was performed by FT-IR to investigate the presence of several anticipated active chemical compounds in Nerium oleander leaf extract. Result: The analysis of phytochemicals by FT-IR for alcoholic extracts of Nerium oleander extracts revealed the presence of 12 effective chemical ingredients such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. The results showed that the extract had high efficacy in killing Cockroaches that were exposed to a high concentration of extract (100 mg/mL), the mortality rate was (90 and 100%), compared to the (cypermethrin 0.1%), the mortality rate was (70 and 100%) during the periods (1 and 2 hr) respectively. While the eggs cockroaches that were exposed to concentration of extract (100 mg/mL) and positive control (cypermethrin 0.1%) the hatching rate was (60 and 60%) after 30 days period respectively. While the negative control (without treated) was the hatching eggs cockroaches rate is (100%) during that period.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"142 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molabe Kagisho Madikadike, Thobela Louis Tyasi, Vusi Mbazima, B. Gunya
Background: The growth hormone gene has a significant impact on postnatal longitudinal growth and development as well as the metabolism of protein, carbohydrates, and fats moreover its effects indirectly relate to bone and skeletal development. The objective of the study was to identify a single nucleotide polymorphism of the growth hormone gene and its association with growth traits in Dorper sheep. Methods: Data were collected from 50 Dorper sheep of 1 to 2 years of age at the University of Limpopo Experimental farm. The objective of the study was achieved by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and General Linear Model (GLM). Result: PCR-RFLP reports revealed different segment patterns resulting in two genotypes such as AA and AB genotypes. Marker-traits association analysis showed that no significant difference was observed between AA and AB genotypes regarding all the measured traits except with wither height and AA genotype was remarkably related to higher withers height than AB genotype. It can be concluded that GH1 could be used as a genetic marker for marker-assisted selection (MAS) during breeding for the improvement of withers height.
背景：生长激素基因对绵羊出生后的纵向生长发育以及蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪的新陈代谢有重要影响，而且其影响还间接关系到骨骼和骨骼发育。本研究旨在确定生长激素基因的单核苷酸多态性及其与多尔巴绵羊生长性状的关系。研究方法从林波波大学实验农场 50 只 1 至 2 岁的多尔帕绵羊中收集数据。通过聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性和一般线性模型（GLM）达到研究目的。结果：PCR-RFLP 报告显示，不同的片段模式会产生两种基因型，如 AA 和 AB 基因型。标记-性状关联分析表明，AA 基因型和 AB 基因型在所有测定性状上均无显着差异，只有在干高度上，AA 基因型比 AB 基因型与更高的干高度明显相关。由此可以得出结论，GH1 可作为育种过程中标记辅助选择（MAS）的遗传标记，用于改善腰高。
{"title":"Genetic Polymorphism of Growth Hormone Gene in Dorper Sheep using PCR-RFLP","authors":"Molabe Kagisho Madikadike, Thobela Louis Tyasi, Vusi Mbazima, B. Gunya","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1683","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The growth hormone gene has a significant impact on postnatal longitudinal growth and development as well as the metabolism of protein, carbohydrates, and fats moreover its effects indirectly relate to bone and skeletal development. The objective of the study was to identify a single nucleotide polymorphism of the growth hormone gene and its association with growth traits in Dorper sheep. Methods: Data were collected from 50 Dorper sheep of 1 to 2 years of age at the University of Limpopo Experimental farm. The objective of the study was achieved by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and General Linear Model (GLM). Result: PCR-RFLP reports revealed different segment patterns resulting in two genotypes such as AA and AB genotypes. Marker-traits association analysis showed that no significant difference was observed between AA and AB genotypes regarding all the measured traits except with wither height and AA genotype was remarkably related to higher withers height than AB genotype. It can be concluded that GH1 could be used as a genetic marker for marker-assisted selection (MAS) during breeding for the improvement of withers height.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.N. Maodaa, E. Al-Shaebi, Waleed Ali Qaid Hailan, R. Abdel-Gaber, A. Alatawi, S.A. Alawwad, S. Al-Quraishy
Background: Thymus daenensis is a phenol-rich species of the Thymus genus that possesses many biological and pharmaceutical activities. Methods: This study used five groups of TDLE extract (50, 100, 200 and mg/mL). Distilled water and mebendazole (10 mg/ml) were used as negative and positive controls. Five worms of similar size were placed in each Petri plate, together with the extract test solution (20 mL). The present work aims to study the phytochemical profiling, evaluation of anticancer properties and in vitro oocysticidal activity of methanolic T. daenensis leaves extracts (TDLE). Results: Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of TDLE proved eleven different active classes of chemical compounds. The extract is characterized by higher phenolic contents (250.5±2.7 mg/g of gallic acid) and flavonoids (25±0.3 mg/g of quercetin). Also, TDLE showed moderate cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and lung cancer cell lines (A549) using MTT assay with LC50 attributed to 388.66±3.5 ìg/ml and 354.33±2.5 ìg/ml, respectively. The in-vitro study revealed that TDLE concentrations of 300 mg/ml caused significant suppression of Eimeria. papillata oocysts sporulation and increased percent of sporulation inhibition compared to the other commercial products which showed different levels of sporulation. Our findings indicate that TDLE has anticoccidial activity, which encourages the conduct of numerous In vivo investigations to find an effective treatment.
{"title":"In vitro Sporulation, Oocysticidal Sporulation Inhibition of Eimeria papillate and Cytotoxic Efficacy of Methanolic Extract of Thymus daenensis Leaves","authors":"S.N. Maodaa, E. Al-Shaebi, Waleed Ali Qaid Hailan, R. Abdel-Gaber, A. Alatawi, S.A. Alawwad, S. Al-Quraishy","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1734","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thymus daenensis is a phenol-rich species of the Thymus genus that possesses many biological and pharmaceutical activities. Methods: This study used five groups of TDLE extract (50, 100, 200 and mg/mL). Distilled water and mebendazole (10 mg/ml) were used as negative and positive controls. Five worms of similar size were placed in each Petri plate, together with the extract test solution (20 mL). The present work aims to study the phytochemical profiling, evaluation of anticancer properties and in vitro oocysticidal activity of methanolic T. daenensis leaves extracts (TDLE). Results: Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of TDLE proved eleven different active classes of chemical compounds. The extract is characterized by higher phenolic contents (250.5±2.7 mg/g of gallic acid) and flavonoids (25±0.3 mg/g of quercetin). Also, TDLE showed moderate cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and lung cancer cell lines (A549) using MTT assay with LC50 attributed to 388.66±3.5 ìg/ml and 354.33±2.5 ìg/ml, respectively. The in-vitro study revealed that TDLE concentrations of 300 mg/ml caused significant suppression of Eimeria. papillata oocysts sporulation and increased percent of sporulation inhibition compared to the other commercial products which showed different levels of sporulation. Our findings indicate that TDLE has anticoccidial activity, which encourages the conduct of numerous In vivo investigations to find an effective treatment.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139126021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Proper handling and a well-established human-animal relationship influence both the behavior and the welfare of an animal. Methods: In this study, we compared the behavioral responses to touch and leading in mares using two handling methods. A traditional method (T) was based on forced cooperation and a natural (TTEAM) on tactile stimulation and mares’ natural behavior. Twenty-two group housed Lipizzan mares participated. Throughout four consecutive weeks, there were six observational days per method and based on a predefined ethogram, mares were scored daily on a 6-point scale. Higher scores indicated better reception of touch and leading, relaxation and cooperation, whereas lower scores indicated agonistic and/or fear-related behaviors. The time spent to implement touch and leading was also recorded. Result: Despite significant individual differences, touch and leading scores were found to be higher in the TTEAM compared to the T. Our results imply that mares were more relaxed, displayed better cooperation and had reduced agonistic and fear-related behavior during TTEAM. We suggest that implementation of TTEAM positively affected mares’ reception of touch and leading, but due to variation in behavioral plasticity, the importance of mare’s individuality is accentuated.
{"title":"Behavioral Responses to Touch and Leading in Lippizan Mares: Natural vs. Traditional Handling Method","authors":"Elena Gobbo, Lucija Sušnik, Manja Zupan Šemrov","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1713","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Proper handling and a well-established human-animal relationship influence both the behavior and the welfare of an animal. Methods: In this study, we compared the behavioral responses to touch and leading in mares using two handling methods. A traditional method (T) was based on forced cooperation and a natural (TTEAM) on tactile stimulation and mares’ natural behavior. Twenty-two group housed Lipizzan mares participated. Throughout four consecutive weeks, there were six observational days per method and based on a predefined ethogram, mares were scored daily on a 6-point scale. Higher scores indicated better reception of touch and leading, relaxation and cooperation, whereas lower scores indicated agonistic and/or fear-related behaviors. The time spent to implement touch and leading was also recorded. Result: Despite significant individual differences, touch and leading scores were found to be higher in the TTEAM compared to the T. Our results imply that mares were more relaxed, displayed better cooperation and had reduced agonistic and fear-related behavior during TTEAM. We suggest that implementation of TTEAM positively affected mares’ reception of touch and leading, but due to variation in behavioral plasticity, the importance of mare’s individuality is accentuated.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"7 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Backround: Buffaloes contributes heavily to the livestock sector of India and buffaloes are preferred for milk production in India due to their efficiency and better nutrients in milk. Major part of their diet constitute roughage which is usually wheat straw in north-western region of India. WB 2 is a biofortified wheat variety with high zinc and iron levels in its grain, has been developed by ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research in Karnal, Haryana. This study aimed at comparing the benefits of substituting conventional straw with WB 2 straw. Methods: The present experiment was conducted on 12 Murrah buffaloes, divided into two groups i.e., Control (T0) and Treatment (T1) based on body weight, parity and previous milk record. Feeding continued for a period of 90 days as per ICAR (2013) feeding standard. The wheat straw, oats fodder and concentrate mixture was fed in the ratio 50:15:35 (on DM basis) in both the groups. However, in control group, conventional wheat straw was used and in the treatment group, biofortified wheat variety straw was utilized. Result: Non-significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were observed when both the groups were compared for body weight and dry matter intake on fortnightly basis. Similarly, haematology was carried out on monthly basis and there were non- significant differences (P greater than 0.05) between the two groups. Non-significant difference for plasma IgG1 was also recorded. The study reveals that the feeding of biofortified wheat variety (WB 2) straw had no impact on immunity of lactating Murrah buffaloes compared to conventional straw-based diet.
背景：水牛对印度的畜牧业贡献巨大，由于其效率高，牛奶中的营养成分更好，印度人更喜欢用水牛生产牛奶。水牛的主要食物是粗饲料，在印度西北部地区通常是小麦秸秆。WB 2 是由位于哈里亚纳邦卡纳尔的印度小麦和大麦研究所（ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research）开发的一种生物强化小麦品种，其谷物中锌和铁的含量较高。本研究旨在比较用 WB 2 稻草替代传统稻草的益处。方法：本实验以 12 头 Murrah 水牛为对象，根据体重、胎次和以前的产奶记录分为两组，即对照组（T0）和处理组（T1）。按照 ICAR（2013 年）的饲喂标准，继续饲喂 90 天。两组均按 50:15:35（以 DM 计）的比例饲喂小麦秸秆、燕麦饲料和精料混合物。不过，对照组使用的是常规小麦秸秆，而处理组使用的是生物强化小麦品种秸秆。结果比较两组每两周的体重和干物质摄入量，发现差异不显著（P 大于 0.05）。同样，按月进行血液学检查，两组之间差异不显著（P 大于 0.05）。血浆 IgG1 的差异也不显著。研究表明，与传统的秸秆饲料相比，饲喂生物强化小麦品种（WB 2）秸秆对哺乳期伊拉水牛的免疫力没有影响。
{"title":"Impact of Feeding Biofortified Wheat (WB 2) Straw-based Diet on Immunity of Lactating Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) Buffaloes","authors":"Davender Singh Kalwani, Arun Kumar Misra, S.B.N. Rao","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5244","url":null,"abstract":"Backround: Buffaloes contributes heavily to the livestock sector of India and buffaloes are preferred for milk production in India due to their efficiency and better nutrients in milk. Major part of their diet constitute roughage which is usually wheat straw in north-western region of India. WB 2 is a biofortified wheat variety with high zinc and iron levels in its grain, has been developed by ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research in Karnal, Haryana. This study aimed at comparing the benefits of substituting conventional straw with WB 2 straw. Methods: The present experiment was conducted on 12 Murrah buffaloes, divided into two groups i.e., Control (T0) and Treatment (T1) based on body weight, parity and previous milk record. Feeding continued for a period of 90 days as per ICAR (2013) feeding standard. The wheat straw, oats fodder and concentrate mixture was fed in the ratio 50:15:35 (on DM basis) in both the groups. However, in control group, conventional wheat straw was used and in the treatment group, biofortified wheat variety straw was utilized. Result: Non-significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were observed when both the groups were compared for body weight and dry matter intake on fortnightly basis. Similarly, haematology was carried out on monthly basis and there were non- significant differences (P greater than 0.05) between the two groups. Non-significant difference for plasma IgG1 was also recorded. The study reveals that the feeding of biofortified wheat variety (WB 2) straw had no impact on immunity of lactating Murrah buffaloes compared to conventional straw-based diet.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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