Multiscale Hjorth Descriptor on Epileptic EEG Classification

The electroencephalogram (EEG) examination provides information on the brain’s electricity, especially in cases of epilepsy. Since the characteristics of EEG signals are nonlinear and nonstationary, visual inspection becomes very difficult. To overcome this problem, digital EEG signal processing was developed. Automatic epileptic EEG recognition is an area of interest on which much research focuses. The complexity approach to EEG signal analysis is interesting to be used as feature extraction, referring to the nonlinear characteristics of the signal. This study proposed an automatic epileptic EEG classification method based on the multiscale Hjorth descriptor measurement. EEG signals consisting of normal, interictal, and seizure (ictal) were simulated. The signal is scaled into new signals using the coarse-grained procedure on a scale of 1–20. Then, the Hjorth parameter which consists of activity, mobility, and complexity is calculated on the new signal. This process produces a feature vector that is used in the classification stage. Support vector machine (SVM) is used to evaluate the proposed feature extraction method. Simulation results showed that the Hjorth parameter on a scale of 1–15 yields 99.5% accuracy. The proposed method is expected to be applied to digital EEG for seizure detection and prediction.