利用电网频率分析对地球物理仪器性能进行被动评估

Mathijs Koymans, J. Assink, Elske De Zeeuq-van Dalfsen, L. Evers
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引用次数: 0

摘要

电网交流电的电网频率(ENF)是众所周知的数字录音噪音源。这种噪声非常普遍,不仅出现在高压电线附近,也出现在与主电网相连的仪器中。这种无处不在的人为信号通常被视为地球物理数据处理过程中的干扰。因此,研究主要集中在消除数据中的这种信号,而对它的益处则基本上没有进行探讨。研究表明,可以从地球物理数据中准确提取由用电量变化引起的标称 ENF(50-60 赫兹)的毫赫兹波动。这一信息代表了一种持续的时间校准信号,在全国范围内各仪器之间具有一致性。将电网运营商发布的可靠参考 ENF 数据与地球物理记录中的估计 ENF 数据进行交叉相关,可以解决 1 秒级的时间误差问题。此外,研究还表明,对 ENF 上的粒子运动进行极化分析可以检测到仪器的方向异常。虽然地球物理数据中 ENF 信号的来源似乎与仪器和地点有关,但本文介绍了 ENF 在检测定时和定向异常方面的一般用途。
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Passive Assessment of Geophysical Instruments Performance using Electrical Network Frequency Analysis
The electrical network frequency (ENF) of the alternating current operated on the power grid is a well-known source of noise in digital recordings. The noise is widespread and appears not just in close proximity to high-voltage power lines, but also in instruments simply connected to the mains powers grid. This omnipresent, anthropogenic signal is generally perceived as a nuisance in the processing of geophysical data. Research has therefore been mainly focused on its elimination from data, while its benefits have gone largely unexplored. It is shown that mHz fluctuations in the nominal ENF (50-60 Hz) induced by variations in power usage can be accurately extracted from geophysical data. This information represents a persistent time-calibration signal that is coherent between instruments over national scales. Cross-correlation of reliable reference ENF data published by electrical grid operators with estimated ENF data from geophysical recordings allows timing errors to be resolved at the 1 s level. Furthermore, it is shown that a polarization analysis of particle motion at the ENF can detect instrument orientation anomalies. While the source of the ENF signal in geophysical data appears instrument and site specific, its general utility in the detection of timing and orientation anomalies is presented.
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