玉米-可食用豆科植物间作中的土壤残留物会改变玉米的生长并减少鞘翅目幼虫的食量

IF 3.5 Q1 AGRONOMY Frontiers in Agronomy Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI:10.3389/fagro.2023.1300545
Abdul A. Jalloh, A. Yusuf, F. Khamis, Sevgan Subramanian, D. Mutyambai
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物-土壤反馈可通过影响植物化学成分来影响植物与食草动物之间的地上相互作用。这种相互作用可用于害虫管理。然而,玉米-豆类间作(MLI)等耕作制度会影响这些相互作用,这一点还没有得到很好的理解。在这项研究中,我们探讨了玉米-豆类间作系统对土壤理化性质、玉米生长、秋军虫(Spodoptera frugiperda)幼虫取食和发育的影响。我们使用了无菌土壤和经过不同多式联运及玉米-单作种植系统调节的土壤来探讨这些相互作用。我们从肯尼亚东部的小农户田地中采集了土壤样本,其中包括经过不同的多式联运和玉米单作耕作制度调节的土壤,那里正在实施不同的多式联运和玉米单作耕作制度。采用黑色氧化法和沃克利法将这些土壤样本与无菌土壤的物理化学性质进行了比较。在温室不同土壤处理中生长的三周大的玉米植株被用来进行幼虫取食和发育试验。让新幼虫在玉米叶片上取食 24 小时,然后将新幼虫接种到另一组植株上 15 天,监测幼虫的存活和发育情况。与玉米单作土壤和无菌土壤相比,从不同的玉米-食用豆科植物间作系统中获得的土壤具有更高的 pH 值、电导率、氮、有机碳、钾、磷、钙、镁、可交换酸度、铜、粘土和淤泥。与玉米单作土壤和无菌土壤相比,在 MLI 土壤中生长的玉米植株具有更好的生长参数。发现 pH 值与植物生物量之间存在高度相关性,而与其他物理化学特性之间没有显著相关性。在暴露于组成型玉米叶盘和诱导型玉米叶盘时,弗氏蝰新生幼虫的取食量存在明显差异,在玉米单一栽培和无菌土壤中生长的玉米上取食的叶片组织较多。当喂食 15 天后,在经 MLI 调理的土壤中生长的玉米植株上的 S. frugiperda 幼虫体重和长度明显低于在经玉米单一栽培和无菌土壤调理的土壤中生长的植株上的幼虫。这项研究的结果表明,通过多层膜叠层法调节土壤可以改善土壤健康,促进玉米生长,并减少鞘翅目幼虫的取食和发育。
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Soil legacies in maize-edible legume intercropping alter maize growth and reduce Spodoptera frugiperda larval feeding
Plant-soil feedback can influence aboveground interactions between plants and herbivores by affecting plant chemistry. Such interactions can be utilized in pest management. However, cropping systems such as maize-legume intercropping (MLI) can influence these interactions which is not well understood. In this study, we explored effects of MLI systems on soil physico-chemical properties, maize growth, larval feeding and development of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). We used sterile soil and soil conditioned by different MLI and maize-monoculture cropping systems to explore these interactions. Soil samples that included soil conditioned by different MLI and maize-monoculture cropping systems were collected from smallholder farmer fields in eastern Kenya, where different MLI and maize-monoculture cropping systems were being practiced. These soil samples were compared with sterile soils for physico-chemical properties using black oxidation and Walkley methods. Three-weeks-old maize plants grown in the different soil treatments in the greenhouse were used for larval feeding and development assays. Neonate S. frugiperda larvae were allowed to feed on maize leaf discs for 24 hours and another set of plants were inoculated with the neonates for 15 days and the larval survival and development monitored. Soil obtained from different maize-edible legume intercropping systems had a higher pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, organic carbon, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, exchangeable acidity, copper, clay and silt compared to maize-monoculture and sterile soil. Maize plants grown in MLI soil had better growth parameters compared to those in maize-monoculture and sterile soils. A high correlation was found between pH and plant biomass, while no significant correlation with other physico-chemical properties was noted. There were significant differences in larval feeding by S. frugiperda neonates when exposed to constitutive and induced maize leaf discs with more leaf tissue fed on maize grown in maize-monoculture and sterile soil. When allowed to feed for 15 days, S. frugiperda larval weight and length were significantly lower on maize plants grown in soils conditioned by MLI than those grown in soil conditioned by maize-monoculture and sterile soils. Findings from this study show how conditioning soil by MLI systems improve soil health, maize growth and reduces S. spodoptera larval feeding and development.
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Agronomy
Frontiers in Agronomy Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
123
审稿时长
13 weeks
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