习惯和坚持。

IF 1.4 3区 心理学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI:10.1002/jeab.894
Mark E. Bouton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自愿行为(操作行为)有两种:目标定向行为是基于强化物的记忆价值而做出的行为,而习惯行为则是由前因线索唤起,在没有强化物价值的有效记忆的情况下做出的行为。这两种行为在强化物评估测试中可能最容易区分:当强化物被单独贬值并对反应进行消减测试时,目标定向行为会被抑制,而习惯性行为则不会。但习惯学习的功能是什么呢?习惯通常被认为具有很强的异常持久性。本研究选择性地探讨了这一观点,即通过强化物-评价测试确定的习惯是否更耐受消亡、耐受其他或然性变化的影响、易复发、耐受情境变化的弱化影响,或者一旦学会就永久存在。令人惊讶的是,几乎没有证据支持习惯是永久的或更持久的观点。与目标行动相比,习惯更受环境的影响。使行为持久的方法并不一定是通过鼓励养成习惯来实现的。习惯学习的功能可能不是使行为变得更强或更持久,而是使其在特定情境中变得自动和有效。
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Habit and persistence

Voluntary behaviors (operants) can come in two varieties: Goal-directed actions, which are emitted based on the remembered value of the reinforcer, and habits, which are evoked by antecedent cues and performed without the reinforcer's value in active memory. The two are perhaps most clearly distinguished with the reinforcer-devaluation test: Goal-directed actions are suppressed when the reinforcer is separately devalued and responding is tested in extinction, and habitual behaviors are not. But what is the function of habit learning? Habits are often thought to be strong and unusually persistent. The present selective review examines this idea by asking whether habits identified by the reinforcer-devaluation test are more resistant to extinction, resistant to the effects of other contingency change, vulnerable to relapse, resistant to the weakening effects of context change, or permanently in place once they are learned. Surprisingly little evidence supports the idea that habits are permanent or more persistent. Habits are more context-specific than goal-directed actions are. Methods that make behavior persistent do not necessarily work by encouraging habit. The function of habit learning may not be to make a behavior strong or more persistent but to make it automatic and efficient in a particular context.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
14.80%
发文量
83
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior is primarily for the original publication of experiments relevant to the behavior of individual organisms.
期刊最新文献
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