Synthesis and characterization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole, m-poly(EGDMA-VTA)-TiO2 polymer composite particles and the using of Reactive Orange 16 dye in adsorption and photocatalytic decolorization

Adsorption and photocatalytic decolorization methods were used to remove Reactive Orange 16 dye from textile wastewater by using ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate and 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole, m-poly(EGDMA-VTA)-TiO₂ polymer composite particles with magnetic synthesized by suspension polymerization. The characterization of the synthesized m-poly(EGDMA-VTA)-TiO₂ particules were carried out by using XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDS-elemental mapping, ESR, and BET analyses. Both adsorption and photocatalytic decolorization processes of RO16 dye were applied to the polymer particles. The effects of solution pH, amount of adsorbent, initial dye concentration, temperature, and time on the adsorption capacity were investigated. The removal of R016 dye reached a maximum at pH 3. Dye substance removal decreased due to increasing temperature and adsorbent amount. As a result of experimental studies, the adsorption of RO16 dye was explained by the Langmuir isotherm, while its kinetics was stated by a pseudo-second-order mechanism. Additionally, thermodynamic functions (ΔH^o, ΔG^o, and ΔS^o) have been determined. At the end of adsorption, the decolorization kinetics were elucidated by examining the adsorbent amount, time, and dye concentration parameters for the photocatalytic decolorization of non-adsorbed dyes. It was determined that the photocatalytic activity was highest at low dye concentration and high photocatalyst content. Additionally, it was determined that decolorization kinetics studies were compatible with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model.