It is still a great challenge to increase the efficiency of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) in polypropylene (PP) system. Here, the synergistic effects of organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of a novel halogen-free intumescent flame retardant PP system, which was composed of the charring agent (SBCPO), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and PP matrix, were investigated. The experimental data indicated that a small amount of OMMT (3 wt%) could significantly improve the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of PP/IFR system to 29.5%, and the composites could pass the UL-94 V-0 rating. Meanwhile, the cone calorimeter test (CCT) results demonstrated that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke produce rate (SPR), and mass loss rate (MLR) values of PP/IFR20/OMMT3 sample was much lower than those of PP/IFR system without OMMT. According to the char structure analysis, the flame retardant mechanism was mainly contributed to the synergistic effect of OMMT and IFRs on promoting the forming more compact and continuous char layer, which increased the barrier action to heat, oxygen, and flammable gases. Furthermore, the TGA data further demonstrated that OMMT could efficiently increase the thermal stability of PP/IFR composites. Thus, this work provides a cost-efficient method to prepare high-performance PP composites and expands their applications in the field of flame retardancy required.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Synergistic effect of organo-modified montmorillonite and intumescent flame retardant on improving flame retardancy and thermal stability of polypropylene composites","authors":"Nana Tian, Fanjin Meng, Yiming Wang, Qing He, Shixin Liu, Shaolan Zou, Fengmin Jin, Tao Tang","doi":"10.1007/s00396-025-05374-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00396-025-05374-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is still a great challenge to increase the efficiency of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) in polypropylene (PP) system. Here, the synergistic effects of organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of a novel halogen-free intumescent flame retardant PP system, which was composed of the charring agent (SBCPO), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and PP matrix, were investigated. The experimental data indicated that a small amount of OMMT (3 wt%) could significantly improve the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of PP/IFR system to 29.5%, and the composites could pass the UL-94 V-0 rating. Meanwhile, the cone calorimeter test (CCT) results demonstrated that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke produce rate (SPR), and mass loss rate (MLR) values of PP/IFR20/OMMT3 sample was much lower than those of PP/IFR system without OMMT. According to the char structure analysis, the flame retardant mechanism was mainly contributed to the synergistic effect of OMMT and IFRs on promoting the forming more compact and continuous char layer, which increased the barrier action to heat, oxygen, and flammable gases. Furthermore, the TGA data further demonstrated that OMMT could efficiently increase the thermal stability of PP/IFR composites. Thus, this work provides a cost-efficient method to prepare high-performance PP composites and expands their applications in the field of flame retardancy required.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":520,"journal":{"name":"Colloid and Polymer Science","volume":"303 4","pages":"713 - 721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1007/s00396-025-05380-0
Baolian Zhang, Dongrui Ji, Qi Fang, Hongbin Zhao, Yan Wang, Yan Ma
Architectural coatings containing phase change microcapsules are promising for building energy conservation and other applications, but their limited thermal reliability hinders broader use and development. In this study, a modified melamine resin phase change microcapsule with enhanced stability and high heat storage capacity was designed and prepared via in-situ polymerization. The core material was 28# paraffin, the wall material was methyl etherified melamine resin prepolymer (MMF), and the chain extenders were tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and polyetheramine (D230). The chemical structure, surface morphology, melt permeability, and thermal stability of the microcapsules were characterized and analyzed. The results indicated that the optimal performance of the microcapsules was achieved under the following conditions: a reaction temperature of 65 °C, a core-wall ratio of 1.5:1, and a modifier ratio of TEPA: D230 = 1:1.5. The product appeared as a powder, with a core material content of 86.25%, a phase change enthalpy of 97.21 J/g, and a 50.03% reduction in melt permeability. The microcapsules also exhibited high thermal stability. The coating containing 12.5% microcapsules demonstrated the best overall performance. In a simulated indoor environment, the modified coating system prolonged the cooling time from 35 °C to 20 °C by 37.02%.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"High thermal reliability melamine resin phase change microcapsules based on chain extender modification: design, preparation and application evaluation of thermal insulation coatings","authors":"Baolian Zhang, Dongrui Ji, Qi Fang, Hongbin Zhao, Yan Wang, Yan Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00396-025-05380-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00396-025-05380-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Architectural coatings containing phase change microcapsules are promising for building energy conservation and other applications, but their limited thermal reliability hinders broader use and development. In this study, a modified melamine resin phase change microcapsule with enhanced stability and high heat storage capacity was designed and prepared via in-situ polymerization. The core material was 28<sup>#</sup> paraffin, the wall material was methyl etherified melamine resin prepolymer (MMF), and the chain extenders were tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and polyetheramine (D230). The chemical structure, surface morphology, melt permeability, and thermal stability of the microcapsules were characterized and analyzed. The results indicated that the optimal performance of the microcapsules was achieved under the following conditions: a reaction temperature of 65 °C, a core-wall ratio of 1.5:1, and a modifier ratio of TEPA: D230 = 1:1.5. The product appeared as a powder, with a core material content of 86.25%, a phase change enthalpy of 97.21 J/g, and a 50.03% reduction in melt permeability. The microcapsules also exhibited high thermal stability. The coating containing 12.5% microcapsules demonstrated the best overall performance. In a simulated indoor environment, the modified coating system prolonged the cooling time from 35 °C to 20 °C by 37.02%.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":520,"journal":{"name":"Colloid and Polymer Science","volume":"303 4","pages":"679 - 692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of chromatographic media affects the efficiency of purification. In this study, based on a T-type microfluidic droplet generation system, agarose microspheres with large pore size and high load were prepared by adjusting the viscosity of a 4% agarose solution to 70 mPa·s at high temperature. Optical microscopy revealed that the self-made agarose microspheres had a good spherical structure with an average particle size of 82.81 μm and a CV value of 0.0576. Subsequently, the stability and mechanical strength of the self-made agarose microspheres were improved by cross-linking and activation with epichlorohydrin. After the cross-linking and activation, the agarose microspheres were grafted with Protein A to make it have specific adsorption capacity for IgG. The adsorption capacity of the self-made agarose microspheres grafted with Protein A for IgG was 87 mg/g. In the complex serum environment, the agarose microspheres grafted with Protein A still maintained good IgG adsorption capacity and selectivity, demonstrating their potential in practical applications. This study demonstrates the great potential of microfluidic technology in the design and preparation of bio-separation media. By precisely controlling the particle size and pore size of the microspheres, the purification efficiency and selectivity can be significantly improved, providing a new solution for the efficient purification of bio-products.
Graphical abstract
{"title":"Preparation of agarose microspheres with large pore size and high load and purification of antibody in serum based on microfluidic technology","authors":"Guanglei Chang, Miaomiao Yang, Zhaobin Xu, Xinling Wang, Wenyao Li, Meixia He, Jintao Zhang, Yuanzhi Xu, Lulu Wang, Liguo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00396-025-05375-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00396-025-05375-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The performance of chromatographic media affects the efficiency of purification. In this study, based on a T-type microfluidic droplet generation system, agarose microspheres with large pore size and high load were prepared by adjusting the viscosity of a 4% agarose solution to 70 mPa·s at high temperature. Optical microscopy revealed that the self-made agarose microspheres had a good spherical structure with an average particle size of 82.81 μm and a CV value of 0.0576. Subsequently, the stability and mechanical strength of the self-made agarose microspheres were improved by cross-linking and activation with epichlorohydrin. After the cross-linking and activation, the agarose microspheres were grafted with Protein A to make it have specific adsorption capacity for IgG. The adsorption capacity of the self-made agarose microspheres grafted with Protein A for IgG was 87 mg/g. In the complex serum environment, the agarose microspheres grafted with Protein A still maintained good IgG adsorption capacity and selectivity, demonstrating their potential in practical applications. This study demonstrates the great potential of microfluidic technology in the design and preparation of bio-separation media. By precisely controlling the particle size and pore size of the microspheres, the purification efficiency and selectivity can be significantly improved, providing a new solution for the efficient purification of bio-products.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":520,"journal":{"name":"Colloid and Polymer Science","volume":"303 4","pages":"693 - 711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-18DOI: 10.1007/s00396-024-05366-4
X. Janet Bertilla, S. Rupachandra
A drug delivery formulation is proposed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of prednisolone while minimizing associated side effects. The method involves making a depolymerized hyaluronic acid conjugated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (dp-HA-g-PLGA) copolymer with a hyaluronan-rich surface that can bind to CD44 receptors. The hydrophobic backbone of PLGA is chemically linked to partially depolymerized hyaluronic acid [dp-HA], augmenting the copolymer’s interaction with CD44 receptors. Prednisolone (PSL)-encapsulated dp-HA-g-PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the single emulsion technique and characterized for key parameters such as size, morphology, drug-loading efficiency, and drug release kinetics study. The average size of the PSL-encapsulated dp-HA-g-PLGA was identified as 271 nm with 74.7% encapsulation efficacy and 6.47% drug-loading efficacy. Furthermore, in vitro assays identify the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles in RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of dp-HA-g-PLGA nanoparticles as a drug carrier for biomedical applications.
Graphical abstract
{"title":"Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of poly[lactic-co-(glycolic acid)] (PLGA) nanoparticles conjugated with depolymerized hyaluronic acid for drug delivery","authors":"X. Janet Bertilla, S. Rupachandra","doi":"10.1007/s00396-024-05366-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00396-024-05366-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A drug delivery formulation is proposed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of prednisolone while minimizing associated side effects. The method involves making a depolymerized hyaluronic acid conjugated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (dp-HA-<i>g</i>-PLGA) copolymer with a hyaluronan-rich surface that can bind to CD44 receptors. The hydrophobic backbone of PLGA is chemically linked to partially depolymerized hyaluronic acid [dp-HA], augmenting the copolymer’s interaction with CD44 receptors. Prednisolone (PSL)-encapsulated dp-HA-<i>g</i>-PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the single emulsion technique and characterized for key parameters such as size, morphology, drug-loading efficiency, and drug release kinetics study. The average size of the PSL-encapsulated dp-HA-<i>g</i>-PLGA was identified as 271 nm with 74.7% encapsulation efficacy and 6.47% drug-loading efficacy. Furthermore, in vitro assays identify the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles in RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of dp-HA<i>-g</i>-PLGA nanoparticles as a drug carrier for biomedical applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":520,"journal":{"name":"Colloid and Polymer Science","volume":"303 4","pages":"669 - 677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1007/s00396-025-05378-8
Joseane C. Bernardes, Marina C. P. Luz, Kananda M. Degues, Daliana Müller, Carlos R. Rambo
In this work, nanocomposites based on TiO2 aerogels incorporated with conductive polymers (PEDOT:PSS and PANI) were synthesized in situ. The evaluation of the electrochemical properties of nanocomposites of titania aerogels and conductive polymers was carried out using cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and galvanized charge–discharge methods. The nanocomposites exhibited a highly stable electrochemical cycling performance after incorporation with both PANI and PEDOT. TiO2/PEDOT and TiO2/PANI aerogels are in the region expected for application in Ragone graph supercapacitors with the highest specific capacitance at concentrations of 30% PEDOT of 1100 mF/g and a surface area of 546 m2/g, and 30% PANI with 1200 mF/g and a specific surface area of 606 m2/g, which is remarkably high for hybrid nanocomposites.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"High surface area electrochemically stable nanocomposites based on TiO2 aerogels incorporated with conductive polymers","authors":"Joseane C. Bernardes, Marina C. P. Luz, Kananda M. Degues, Daliana Müller, Carlos R. Rambo","doi":"10.1007/s00396-025-05378-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00396-025-05378-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, nanocomposites based on TiO<sub>2</sub> aerogels incorporated with conductive polymers (PEDOT:PSS and PANI) were synthesized in situ. The evaluation of the electrochemical properties of nanocomposites of titania aerogels and conductive polymers was carried out using cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and galvanized charge–discharge methods. The nanocomposites exhibited a highly stable electrochemical cycling performance after incorporation with both PANI and PEDOT. TiO<sub>2</sub>/PEDOT and TiO<sub>2</sub>/PANI aerogels are in the region expected for application in Ragone graph supercapacitors with the highest specific capacitance at concentrations of 30% PEDOT of 1100 mF/g and a surface area of 546 m<sup>2</sup>/g, and 30% PANI with 1200 mF/g and a specific surface area of 606 m<sup>2</sup>/g, which is remarkably high for hybrid nanocomposites.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":520,"journal":{"name":"Colloid and Polymer Science","volume":"303 4","pages":"655 - 667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1007/s00396-025-05373-z
Jun Hu, Lei-ting Shi, Yue Luo, Mao Chen, Cheng Jin, Yong-jun Guo, Na Yuan
Chemical flooding has gained significant attention as an economical and effective technique for enhancing heavy oil recovery. Nevertheless, its application in heavy oil production is often hampered by low sweep efficiency and high injection pressure. To address these challenges, a new oil-displacing agent involving a macromolecular surfactant and a surfactant-polymer compound system has been proposed. This study introduces a surfactant-polymer (PAS) synthesized from acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, and N-hexadecyl-N-sulfo acrylamide, along with a macromolecular surfactant (PSS) made from acrylamide, acrylic acid, sodium p-styrene sulfonate, N-hexadecyl-N-sulfo acrylamide, butyl acrylate, methylene-bis-acrylamide, and nano-silica. The structural composition of PAS and PSS was confirmed through 1H-NMR and FT-IR analyses. Extensive testing was conducted comparing the performance of PAS, PSS, and a PAS-PSS compound system against an association polymer (AP-1) and a conventional polymer (HPAM). The study focused on thickening performance, interfacial activity, viscosity reduction of heavy oil, and core flooding performance. Results revealed that the PAS-PSS combination significantly outperforms both HPAM and AP-1 in terms of reducing heavy oil viscosity and improving interfacial activity. Specifically, a 1500 mg/L PAS-PSS system achieved a 90.83% reduction in heavy oil viscosity, reduced water–oil interfacial tension to 4.64 mN/m, and had an apparent solution viscosity of 6.45 mPa·s. Oil displacement experiments further demonstrated that the PAS-PSS system enhanced heavy oil recovery by 43.33%, markedly higher than the recovery rates for AP-1 (26.63%) and HPAM (16.76%). Additionally, the compounded system exhibited a lower apparent viscosity, leading to reduced injection pressure. Investigations into the mechanism showed that the PAS-PSS system effectively emulsifies heavy oil to lower its viscosity and increases the viscosity of the water phase. This dual action significantly improves both the oil displacement efficiency and sweep efficiency, subsequently enhancing overall heavy oil recovery. In summary, the use of a surfactant-polymer and a macromolecular surfactant complex system offers a promising advancement in chemical flooding techniques for high-viscosity heavy oil extraction, presenting a novel method to bolster heavy oil recovery operations.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"A surfactant-polymer and macromolecular surfactant compound system for enhancing heavy oil recovery: Synthesis, characterization and mechanism","authors":"Jun Hu, Lei-ting Shi, Yue Luo, Mao Chen, Cheng Jin, Yong-jun Guo, Na Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s00396-025-05373-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00396-025-05373-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical flooding has gained significant attention as an economical and effective technique for enhancing heavy oil recovery. Nevertheless, its application in heavy oil production is often hampered by low sweep efficiency and high injection pressure. To address these challenges, a new oil-displacing agent involving a macromolecular surfactant and a surfactant-polymer compound system has been proposed. This study introduces a surfactant-polymer (PAS) synthesized from acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, and <i>N</i>-hexadecyl-<i>N</i>-sulfo acrylamide, along with a macromolecular surfactant (PSS) made from acrylamide, acrylic acid, sodium p-styrene sulfonate, <i>N</i>-hexadecyl-<i>N</i>-sulfo acrylamide, butyl acrylate, methylene-bis-acrylamide, and nano-silica. The structural composition of PAS and PSS was confirmed through <sup>1</sup>H-NMR and FT-IR analyses. Extensive testing was conducted comparing the performance of PAS, PSS, and a PAS-PSS compound system against an association polymer (AP-1) and a conventional polymer (HPAM). The study focused on thickening performance, interfacial activity, viscosity reduction of heavy oil, and core flooding performance. Results revealed that the PAS-PSS combination significantly outperforms both HPAM and AP-1 in terms of reducing heavy oil viscosity and improving interfacial activity. Specifically, a 1500 mg/L PAS-PSS system achieved a 90.83% reduction in heavy oil viscosity, reduced water–oil interfacial tension to 4.64 mN/m, and had an apparent solution viscosity of 6.45 mPa·s. Oil displacement experiments further demonstrated that the PAS-PSS system enhanced heavy oil recovery by 43.33%, markedly higher than the recovery rates for AP-1 (26.63%) and HPAM (16.76%). Additionally, the compounded system exhibited a lower apparent viscosity, leading to reduced injection pressure. Investigations into the mechanism showed that the PAS-PSS system effectively emulsifies heavy oil to lower its viscosity and increases the viscosity of the water phase. This dual action significantly improves both the oil displacement efficiency and sweep efficiency, subsequently enhancing overall heavy oil recovery. In summary, the use of a surfactant-polymer and a macromolecular surfactant complex system offers a promising advancement in chemical flooding techniques for high-viscosity heavy oil extraction, presenting a novel method to bolster heavy oil recovery operations.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":520,"journal":{"name":"Colloid and Polymer Science","volume":"303 4","pages":"637 - 653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a vinyl-functionalized monomer, was successfully synthesized through the chemical modification of β-CD. Subsequently, X-β-CD was co-polymerized with acrylic acid, acrylamide, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid via free radical copolymerization to produce a novel hydrophobic inclusion polymer—X-β-HPAM. The structure of X-β-HPAM was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, its aqueous rheological properties were analyzed through rheometry. The results revealed that at shearing temperatures of 120 °C and 150 °C and a shear rate of 170 s−1, the viscosity of a 0.4% X-β-HPAM aqueous solution gradually increased beyond a shear time of 1200 s, indicating the thickening effect of the X-β-CD monomer on the solution at elevated temperatures. Following shearing for 2 h, the residual viscosity stabilized at 62.24 mPa·s, after undergoing a shearing process for a duration of 2 h, the viscosity of a X-β-HPAM salt solution, with a mass fraction of 0.4% and dissolved in a 5% NaCl aqueous solution at a temperature of 150℃, remains consistently stable at the value of 60.04 mPa·s, demonstrating the excellent salt, temperature, and shear resistance of X-β-HPAM. Thus, β-CD-modified polyacrylamide enhances the thermal resistance and shear resistance of fracturing fluids, thereby improving recovery efficiency.
Graphical abstract
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, rheological properties of β-cyclodextrin-modified polyacrylamide","authors":"Yinyin Liu, Lei Wang, Guiru Liu, Hongtao Jin, Xiaojuan Lai, Haibin Li, Jiali Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00396-024-05372-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00396-024-05372-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>X-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a vinyl-functionalized monomer, was successfully synthesized through the chemical modification of β-CD. Subsequently, X-β-CD was co-polymerized with acrylic acid, acrylamide, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid via free radical copolymerization to produce a novel hydrophobic inclusion polymer—X-β-HPAM. The structure of X-β-HPAM was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, its aqueous rheological properties were analyzed through rheometry. The results revealed that at shearing temperatures of 120 °C and 150 °C and a shear rate of 170 s<sup>−1</sup>, the viscosity of a 0.4% X-β-HPAM aqueous solution gradually increased beyond a shear time of 1200 s, indicating the thickening effect of the X-β-CD monomer on the solution at elevated temperatures. Following shearing for 2 h, the residual viscosity stabilized at 62.24 mPa·s, after undergoing a shearing process for a duration of 2 h, the viscosity of a X-β-HPAM salt solution, with a mass fraction of 0.4% and dissolved in a 5% NaCl aqueous solution at a temperature of 150℃, remains consistently stable at the value of 60.04 mPa·s, demonstrating the excellent salt, temperature, and shear resistance of X-β-HPAM. Thus, β-CD-modified polyacrylamide enhances the thermal resistance and shear resistance of fracturing fluids, thereby improving recovery efficiency.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":520,"journal":{"name":"Colloid and Polymer Science","volume":"303 4","pages":"609 - 619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1007/s00396-024-05368-2
R. Seda Tığlı Aydın, Aysu Demir
In this study, TiO2-doped chitosan micro/nanoparticles were fabricated using the ionic gelation mechanism under several process parameters to exhibit the strategy of introducing particle image data for the prediction of particle size. Herein, we report on a detailed methodology for the prediction of prepared particles via artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm using the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) models to select the model that demonstrates the best performance for estimation of particle size. Chitosan and TiO2-doped chitosan micro/nanoparticles were imaged, processed, and analyzed as particle diameters in order to explore prediction models, which were developed under three different classes of prepared particles (chitosan, TiO2-doped chitosan, and chitosan/TiO2-doped chitosan). Models were built using particle fabrication process parameters as input with particle size as output. The established MLP model successfully predicted the particle size of all classes with the mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R) between the observed and predicted values in the range of 0.0012–0.0065 and 0.85–0.90, respectively. The best results for prediction were achieved from the RBF model for all classes of particles where MSE and R values were determined as 2.93 × 10−22–4.93 × 10−11 and 1.0, respectively. Results successfully highlighted the prediction process of particle sizes via MLP and RBF models could be relevant in the decision to produce TiO2-doped chitosan particles and confirmed the usefulness of particle image data for simulation.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Artificial neural network prediction of TiO2-doped chitosan micro/nanoparticle size based on particle imaging measurements","authors":"R. Seda Tığlı Aydın, Aysu Demir","doi":"10.1007/s00396-024-05368-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00396-024-05368-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, TiO<sub>2</sub>-doped chitosan micro/nanoparticles were fabricated using the ionic gelation mechanism under several process parameters to exhibit the strategy of introducing particle image data for the prediction of particle size. Herein, we report on a detailed methodology for the prediction of prepared particles via artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm using the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) models to select the model that demonstrates the best performance for estimation of particle size. Chitosan and TiO<sub>2</sub>-doped chitosan micro/nanoparticles were imaged, processed, and analyzed as particle diameters in order to explore prediction models, which were developed under three different classes of prepared particles (chitosan, TiO<sub>2</sub>-doped chitosan, and chitosan/TiO<sub>2</sub>-doped chitosan). Models were built using particle fabrication process parameters as input with particle size as output. The established MLP model successfully predicted the particle size of all classes with the mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>) between the observed and predicted values in the range of 0.0012–0.0065 and 0.85–0.90, respectively. The best results for prediction were achieved from the RBF model for all classes of particles where MSE and <i>R</i> values were determined as 2.93 × 10<sup>−22</sup>–4.93 × 10<sup>−11</sup> and 1.0, respectively. Results successfully highlighted the prediction process of particle sizes via MLP and RBF models could be relevant in the decision to produce TiO<sub>2</sub>-doped chitosan particles and confirmed the usefulness of particle image data for simulation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":520,"journal":{"name":"Colloid and Polymer Science","volume":"303 4","pages":"621 - 635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1007/s00396-024-05369-1
Shuqi Wang, Jie Gao, Wenyu Zhang, Ziying Zhen, Chunlei He
Shear thickening fluids (STFs) are a type of non-Newtonian fluid that disperses particles at the micrometer or nanometer scale into a liquid medium, forming a particle suspension. The viscosity of STF increases with increasing shear rate when the shear rate is above a critical value. During external load impact, STF can absorb substantial impact energy, effectively mitigating shocks and vibrations. This paper focuses on the dynamic characteristics of STFs with different dispersion systems, including cornstarch-water STFs and silica-polyethylene glycol (SiO2-PEG) STFs under low-speed impact. First, from an energy perspective, this paper established a theoretical model to study the impact properties of STFs considering the viscosity characteristic of STFs. Further, the model is numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta method, and variation of impact displacement, velocity, acceleration, and impact force with time during the impact process can be obtained. Then, the rheological properties of STFs were studied, and viscosity models of different STFs were fitted through experimental results. Finally, impact experiments were carried out with a falling hammer onto STFs to validate the established theoretical model. A good consistency between theoretical model and experiments was achieved. Results in this paper show different impact response mechanisms between cornstarch-water STF and silica-polyethylene glycol STF. The former experiences thickening at the moment of impact, resulting in a quasi-solid state phenomenon that generates a significant reverse impact force to slow down the falling hammer. In the latter, the thickening effect creates viscous resistance on the falling hammer, and a smaller impact force is produced.
Graphical Abstract
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The surface properties and thermodynamic properties of high-temperature coal tar pitch (HCTP) were determined by inverse gas chromatography at 323.15–353.15 K, and its surface dispersion free energy, Lewis acid–base constant, Florry-Huggins interaction parameters and Hildebrand solubility parameters of HCTP were determined. In the range of 323.15–353.15 K, the surface dispersion free energy of HCTP increased with the increase of temperature. Furthermore, the acid constant Ka of HCTP calculated as 0.259, the base constant Kb is 3.1, demonstrated that HCTP is an amphoteric alkaline material. The Florry-Huggins interaction parameters showed that tetrahydrofuran and butanol were good solvents for HCTP. The Hildebrand solubility parameters of HCTP at 323.15–353.15 K were 17.33, 16.76, 15.98, and 14.68 (J/cm3)0.5, respectively, and showed a downward trend with the increase of temperature.
Graphical abstract
{"title":"Investigation of surface properties and thermodynamic properties of high-temperature coal tar pitch using inverse gas chromatography","authors":"Yuan Li, Nuerbiya Yalikun, Qiang Wang, Shenglong Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00396-025-05376-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00396-025-05376-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The surface properties and thermodynamic properties of high-temperature coal tar pitch (HCTP) were determined by inverse gas chromatography at 323.15–353.15 K, and its surface dispersion free energy, Lewis acid–base constant, Florry-Huggins interaction parameters and Hildebrand solubility parameters of HCTP were determined. In the range of 323.15–353.15 K, the surface dispersion free energy of HCTP increased with the increase of temperature. Furthermore, the acid constant <i>K</i><sub>a</sub> of HCTP calculated as 0.259, the base constant <i>K</i><sub>b</sub> is 3.1, demonstrated that HCTP is an amphoteric alkaline material. The Florry-Huggins interaction parameters showed that tetrahydrofuran and butanol were good solvents for HCTP. The Hildebrand solubility parameters of HCTP at 323.15–353.15 K were 17.33, 16.76, 15.98, and 14.68 (J/cm<sup>3</sup>)<sup>0.5</sup>, respectively, and showed a downward trend with the increase of temperature.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":520,"journal":{"name":"Colloid and Polymer Science","volume":"303 4","pages":"579 - 587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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