Hazard assessment and an adaptation-based design as a tool for coastal resilience in Istanbul

Istanbul has to deal with increasing water-based disasters due to global climate change. Current studies commonly look for risk assessment models, but most of them do not offer design strategies for Istanbul. This study aims to embed climate change adaptation into the design of coastal urban areas to increase the resilience of Istanbul. Water-based disasters were examined under three scales and were mapped to assess the hazard in the case study area by using a geographical information system. Later, different design strategies from the selected projects were evaluated and cross-section drawings were developed. As a result, typology sections have been proposed for water-based hazards of different scales, capable of functioning both simultaneously and at separate times. Flexible and adaptable coastal design is a major demand for the future resilience of the city. The proposed study can assist in risk reduction and help decision-makers support further urban design approaches.