压实能对不同有机质来源改良土壤的部分物理和水力特性的影响

J. H. Abdulkareem, Aisha Abdulkadir, Tse Terna James
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摘要

土壤压实已被认为是机械化农业中的一个严重问题,会影响土壤的性质和过程。一项研究评估了不同能量水平对使用不同来源的有机添加剂处理的阿尔费索土壤的某些特性的影响。处理包括堆肥土壤(10 盆)、牛粪土壤(10 盆)和对照。这些处理采用完全随机设计,重复两次。所有盆土(土壤±添加剂)分别饱和 24 小时和 48 小时后自由排水,并以 0、75、150、225 和 300 焦耳的能量压实。在处理过的地块上测定了体积密度 (BD)、渗透阻力 (PR)、饱和导水性 (Ksat)、粒度分布 (PSD)、重量含水量 (GMC) 和保湿性 (MR)。结果表明,土壤为沙质。对照组的 BD 和 PR 最高,平均值分别为 1.803 g cm-3 和 1.762 kg F cm-2。与牛粪和未处理的对照组相比,堆肥改善了 BD 和 PR,平均值分别为 1.320 克/厘米-3 和 1.283 千克碳/厘米-2。随着能量投入的增加,在所有能量下,所研究的土壤特性之间都存在非常显著的差异,P<0.0001。建议进行少耕,以减少高能量输入对这些土壤特性造成的压力。有机质将直接为植物提供养分,如氮、磷和微量元素。
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Effect of Compaction Energy on Selected Physical and Hydraulic Properties of Soils Amended With Different Sources of Organic Matter
Soil compaction has been recognized as a severe problem in mechanized agriculture and influences soil properties and processes. A study evaluated the effect of different energy levels on selected properties of Alfisols treated with different sources of organic amendments. The treatments consisted of soils with compost (10 pots), cow dung (10 pots), and control. These were laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated two times. All pots (soil ± amendment) were saturated and allowed to drain freely for 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively, and compacted to 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 Joules of energy. Bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), particle size distribution (PSD), gravimetric moisture content (GMC), and moisture retention (MR) was determined from treated plots. Results obtained indicated that the soil is sandy. BD and PR were highest in control, with mean values of 1.803 g cm-3 and 1.762 kg F cm-2, respectively. Treatment with compost improved the BD and PR with lower mean values of 1.320 g cm-3 and 1.283 kg F cm-2 respectively, compared to cow dung and untreated control. With increasing energy inputs, there was a highly significant difference amongst the studied soil properties at all the energies at p<0.0001. Minimum tillage is recommended to reduce the stress caused by heavy energy inputs on these soil properties. The organic matter will directly contribute to plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and micronutrients.
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