人工智能在建筑领域应用的特点

Olena Lialiuk, R.I. Osypenko
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摘要

本文探讨了人工智能(AI)在建筑行业的应用。确定了在建筑和结构设计、施工组织和运营五个阶段实施人工智能的主要方向。在 "规划设计 "的第一阶段,应收集和分析类似建筑项目的信息,考虑财力、工期、建筑特点等重要因素,采用考虑大地测量数据、地质特征、气候条件、城市规划要求、规范等因素的自动化设计,优化设计。在第二阶段,即 "风险和前景评估 "阶段,人工智能利用预测算法识别可能存在的风险并确定管理策略。第三阶段是 "资源和供应管理",通过优化物流来预测建筑材料需求,实现供应链管理自动化;通过机器学习算法来预测劳动力需求,优化员工排班。第四阶段是 "自动化和监控",利用人工智能控制的自动化系统和无人机来执行施工现场的常规和危险任务,并部署一个监控系统,实时跟踪施工进度和其他关键参数。第五阶段是 "竣工工程质量评估和分析",利用数据分析来评估竣工工程的质量,对竣工工程进行自动化验证,并确定是否符合 DBN 标准、设计的技术任务、分析规划和花费的资源。 以施工中的资源规划为例考虑人工智能的应用,其中可能包括使用各种数学模型和算法来优化资源的使用。指出了使用人工智能的优缺点及其在建筑行业的发展前景。
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FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CONSTRUCTION
The paper considers the implementation of artificial intelligence(AI) in the construction industry. The main directions of AI implementation at five stages of designing buildings and structures, organization of construction and operation have been determined. At the first stage of "Planning and Design", information on similar construction projects should be collected and analyzed, taking into account financial resources, deadlines, features of buildings and other important factors, use automated design that takes into account geodetic data, geological features, climatic conditions, urban planning requirements, specifications and other factors to optimize the design. At the second stage, "Assessment of risks and prospects", AI uses forecasting algorithms to identify possible risks and determine their management strategies. The third stage, "Resource and supply management", optimizes logistics to predict building material needs and automates supply chain management, employee scheduling using machine learning algorithms to predict labor needs and optimize schedules. The fourth stage, "Automation and Monitoring", uses automated systems and drones controlled by artificial intelligence to perform routine and dangerous tasks on the construction site, and deploys a monitoring system that tracks the progress of construction work and other key parameters in real time.At the fifth stage, "Quality assessment and analysis of the completed project", data analysis is used to assess the quality of the completed work, automated verification of the completed work and determination of compliance with DBN standards, the technical task for the design, analysis of planning and spent resources. The application of artificial intelligence is considered on the example of resource planning in construction, which may include the use of various mathematical models and algorithms to optimize the use of resources. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of artificial intelligence and the prospects for its development in the construction industry are indicated.
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