土壤耕作和肥料对伏尔加河中游地区森林草原条件下春小麦产量的影响

Marat M. Sabitov
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摘要

该研究于 2019-2021 年在乌里扬诺夫斯克州进行,旨在研究土壤耕作方法和有机矿物肥料对春小麦产量的影响。实验地块的土壤为沥滤、中厚、中疏松的切尔诺泽姆土壤,0...30 厘米土层中腐殖质含量为 5.61%,流动性 P2O5 和 K2O 根据 Chirikov 标准分别为 178 和 121 毫克/千克,pHsol..- 在实验中,研究了土壤耕作方法(因素 A)--倾倒深度为 23...25 厘米;无倾倒深度为 15...16 厘米;平铺 10...16 厘米。16 厘米;平铺 10...12 厘米;有机肥和矿物肥(因素 B)--不施肥;N16P16K16 用于播种 + N34 用于耕作 + N10 用于冬小麦秸秆;粪肥 20 吨/公顷;粪肥 20 吨/公顷 + N16P16K16 用于播种 + N34 用于耕作 + N10 用于冬小麦秸秆;冬小麦秸秆;冬小麦秸秆 + H10 + N16P16K16 播种 + H34 栽培;绿肥;绿肥 + H10 + 冬小麦秸秆 + H10 + N16P16K16 播种 + H34 栽培。就 0...30 厘米层的水分储备而言,非模压加工和平切加工比模压加工优势 3.8...4.7 毫米,0...100 厘米层优势 8.6...10.2 毫米。与对照组相比,肥料的副作用使 0...30 厘米土层中的硝态氮含量增加了 3.9...18.1 毫克/千克(耕地时),1.0...13.1 毫克/千克(耕地时)。4...15.1 毫克/千克。在粪肥 20 吨/公顷+氮磷钾和绿肥+氮磷钾的背景下,与不施肥的方案相比,无模板耕作的春小麦产量分别增加了 0.89 吨/公顷和 0.90 吨/公顷,犁耕的产量分别增加了 0.90 吨/公顷和 0.90 吨/公顷,平整土地的产量分别增加了 0.95 吨/公顷和 0.89 吨/公顷。
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INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTIYIVTY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
The research was conducted in 2019-2021. in the Ulyanovsk region in order to study the influence of soil cultivation methods and organomineral fertilizers on the productivity of spring wheat. The soil of the experimental plot is leached, medium-thick, medium-loamy chernozem with a humus content in the 0...30 cm layer of 5.61%, mobile P2O5 and K2O according to Chirikov - 178 and 121 mg/kg, respectively, pHsol. . – 6.3, sum of absorbed bases – 46.4 mEq/100 g. In the experiments, methods of soil cultivation were studied (factor A) – dump to a depth of 23...25 cm; without dumps by 15...16 cm; flat 10…12 cm; organic and mineral fertilizers (factor B) - without fertilizers; N16P16K16 for sowing + N34 for cultivation + N10 for winter wheat straw; manure 20 t/ha; manure 20 t/ha + N16P16K16 for sowing + N34 for cultivation + N10 for winter wheat straw; winter wheat straw; winter wheat straw + H10 + N16P16K16 for sowing + H34 for cultivation; green manure; green manure + H10 + winter wheat straw + H10 + N16P16K16 when sowing + H34 during cultivation. Non-mouldboard and flat-cut processing had an advantage over moldboard processing in terms of moisture reserves in the 0...30 cm layer by 3.8...4.7 mm, in the 0...100 cm layer by 8.6...10.2 mm. mm. The aftereffect of fertilizers contributed to an increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen in the 0...30 cm layer compared to the control by 3.9...18.1 mg/kg under plowing, and by 1.0...13.1 - under plowing. non-mouldboard processing and 4 - for flat-cut processing. ,4…15.1 mg/kg. The yield of spring wheat against the background of manure 20 t/ha + NPK and green manure + NPK with no-moldboard tillage increased by 0.89 and 0.90 t/ha, under plowing - by 0.90 and 0.90, with flat-cut soil - by 0.95 and 0.89 t/ha compared to the option without fertilizers.
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