{"title":"印度尼西亚优质可可豆克隆中的循环体细胞胚胎发生","authors":"M. Bustami, S. Werbrouck","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010024","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"To date, in vitro somatic embryogenesis is the only option for the mass vegetative propagation of cocoa. The somatic embryogenesis of Indonesian cocoa clones SUL1 and SUL2 was investigated, focusing on primary and cyclic secondary embryogenesis. The study showed that staminode explants were more effective than petal explants in generating primary somatic embryos (SEs), especially when cultured in liquid medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.25 mg/L kinetin, with the staminodes of SUL2 producing a significant number of globular SEs. In contrast, SUL1 showed limited SE production. The study also demonstrated that fragmenting cotyledons and hypocotyls of the SEs of SUL2 and culturing them on an induction medium supplemented with 2,4,5-T and proline resulted in a high yield of secondary SEs. This cyclic embryogenesis process, in which the SEs remained attached to the maternal tissue, facilitated continuous SE production and development. The addition of proline was found to improve the quality of SEs, leading to higher production of well-organized, milky SEs with a better-defined meristematic structure. These results suggest a promising protocol to produce SEs from cocoa, with implications for plant transformation and gene editing applications.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"21 3‐5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cyclic Somatic Embryogenesis in Indonesian Elite Theobroma cacao L. Clones\",\"authors\":\"M. Bustami, S. Werbrouck\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/horticulturae10010024\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"To date, in vitro somatic embryogenesis is the only option for the mass vegetative propagation of cocoa. The somatic embryogenesis of Indonesian cocoa clones SUL1 and SUL2 was investigated, focusing on primary and cyclic secondary embryogenesis. The study showed that staminode explants were more effective than petal explants in generating primary somatic embryos (SEs), especially when cultured in liquid medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.25 mg/L kinetin, with the staminodes of SUL2 producing a significant number of globular SEs. In contrast, SUL1 showed limited SE production. The study also demonstrated that fragmenting cotyledons and hypocotyls of the SEs of SUL2 and culturing them on an induction medium supplemented with 2,4,5-T and proline resulted in a high yield of secondary SEs. This cyclic embryogenesis process, in which the SEs remained attached to the maternal tissue, facilitated continuous SE production and development. The addition of proline was found to improve the quality of SEs, leading to higher production of well-organized, milky SEs with a better-defined meristematic structure. These results suggest a promising protocol to produce SEs from cocoa, with implications for plant transformation and gene editing applications.\",\"PeriodicalId\":13034,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Horticulturae\",\"volume\":\"21 3‐5\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Horticulturae\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010024\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"HORTICULTURE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Horticulturae","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010024","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HORTICULTURE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
迄今为止,体外体细胞胚胎发生是大规模无性繁殖可可的唯一选择。研究人员对印度尼西亚可可克隆 SUL1 和 SUL2 的体细胞胚胎发生进行了调查,重点是初级胚胎发生和周期性次级胚胎发生。研究表明,在产生初级体细胞胚胎(SE)方面,退化雄蕊外植体比花瓣外植体更有效,尤其是在含有 2 mg/L 2,4-D 和 0.25 mg/L 可可碱的液体培养基中培养时,SUL2 的退化雄蕊能产生大量球状 SE。相比之下,SUL1 的 SE 产量有限。研究还表明,将 SUL2 的子叶和下胚轴的 SE 分割,并在添加了 2,4,5-T 和脯氨酸的诱导培养基上培养,可产生大量的次级 SE。在这种循环胚胎发生过程中,次生SE仍附着在母体组织上,从而促进了次生SE的持续产生和发育。研究发现,添加脯氨酸可提高 SE 的质量,从而产生更多组织良好、分生组织结构更清晰的乳白色 SE。这些结果表明,从可可中生产 SEs 的方案前景广阔,对植物转化和基因编辑应用具有重要意义。
Cyclic Somatic Embryogenesis in Indonesian Elite Theobroma cacao L. Clones
To date, in vitro somatic embryogenesis is the only option for the mass vegetative propagation of cocoa. The somatic embryogenesis of Indonesian cocoa clones SUL1 and SUL2 was investigated, focusing on primary and cyclic secondary embryogenesis. The study showed that staminode explants were more effective than petal explants in generating primary somatic embryos (SEs), especially when cultured in liquid medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.25 mg/L kinetin, with the staminodes of SUL2 producing a significant number of globular SEs. In contrast, SUL1 showed limited SE production. The study also demonstrated that fragmenting cotyledons and hypocotyls of the SEs of SUL2 and culturing them on an induction medium supplemented with 2,4,5-T and proline resulted in a high yield of secondary SEs. This cyclic embryogenesis process, in which the SEs remained attached to the maternal tissue, facilitated continuous SE production and development. The addition of proline was found to improve the quality of SEs, leading to higher production of well-organized, milky SEs with a better-defined meristematic structure. These results suggest a promising protocol to produce SEs from cocoa, with implications for plant transformation and gene editing applications.