Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010070
W. Pathom-aree, Sritip Sensupa, Antira Wichaphian, Nanthakrit Sriket, Benyapa Kitwetch, J. Pekkoh, Pachara Sattayawat, Sureeporn Lomakool, Yupa Chromkaew, S. Srinuanpan
In recent years, researchers have turned their attention to the co-cultivation of microalgae and plants as a means to enhance the growth of hydroponically cultivated plants while concurrently producing microalgal biomass. However, the techniques used require precise calibration based on plant growth responses and their interactions with the environment and cultivation conditions. This study initially focused on examining the impact of hydroponic nutrient concentrations on the growth of the microalga Chlorella sp. AARL G049. The findings revealed that hydroponic nutrient solutions with electrical conductivities (EC) of 450 µS/cm and 900 µS/cm elicited a positive response in microalgae growth, resulting in high-quality biomass characterized by an elevated lipid content and favorable properties for renewable biodiesel. The biomass also exhibited high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), indicating excellent nutritional indices. The microalgae culture and microalgae-free culture, along with inoculation-free lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) and lettuce that was inoculated with plant growth actinobacteria, specifically the actinomycete Streptomyces thermocarboxydus S3, were subsequently integrated into a hydroponic deep-water culture system. The results indicated that several growth parameters of lettuce cultivated in treatments incorporating microalgae experienced a reduction of approximately 50% compared to treatments without microalgae, and lowering EC levels in the nutrient solution from 900 µS/cm to 450 µS/cm resulted in a similar approximately 50% reduction in lettuce growth. Nevertheless, the adverse impacts of microalgae and nutrient stress were alleviated through the inoculation with actinomycetes. Even though the co-cultivation system leads to reduced lettuce growth, the system enables the production of high-value microalgal biomass with exceptional biodiesel fuel properties, including superior oxidative stability (>13 h), a commendable cetane number (>62), and a high heating value (>40 MJ/kg). This biomass, with its potential as a renewable biodiesel feedstock, has the capacity to augment the overall profitability of the process. Hence, the co-cultivation of microalgae and actinomycete-inoculated lettuce appears to be a viable approach not only for hydroponic lettuce cultivation but also for the generation of microalgal biomass with potential applications in renewable energy.
{"title":"An Innovative Co-Cultivation of Microalgae and Actinomycete-Inoculated Lettuce in a Hydroponic Deep-Water Culture System for the Sustainable Development of a Food–Agriculture–Energy Nexus","authors":"W. Pathom-aree, Sritip Sensupa, Antira Wichaphian, Nanthakrit Sriket, Benyapa Kitwetch, J. Pekkoh, Pachara Sattayawat, Sureeporn Lomakool, Yupa Chromkaew, S. Srinuanpan","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010070","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, researchers have turned their attention to the co-cultivation of microalgae and plants as a means to enhance the growth of hydroponically cultivated plants while concurrently producing microalgal biomass. However, the techniques used require precise calibration based on plant growth responses and their interactions with the environment and cultivation conditions. This study initially focused on examining the impact of hydroponic nutrient concentrations on the growth of the microalga Chlorella sp. AARL G049. The findings revealed that hydroponic nutrient solutions with electrical conductivities (EC) of 450 µS/cm and 900 µS/cm elicited a positive response in microalgae growth, resulting in high-quality biomass characterized by an elevated lipid content and favorable properties for renewable biodiesel. The biomass also exhibited high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), indicating excellent nutritional indices. The microalgae culture and microalgae-free culture, along with inoculation-free lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) and lettuce that was inoculated with plant growth actinobacteria, specifically the actinomycete Streptomyces thermocarboxydus S3, were subsequently integrated into a hydroponic deep-water culture system. The results indicated that several growth parameters of lettuce cultivated in treatments incorporating microalgae experienced a reduction of approximately 50% compared to treatments without microalgae, and lowering EC levels in the nutrient solution from 900 µS/cm to 450 µS/cm resulted in a similar approximately 50% reduction in lettuce growth. Nevertheless, the adverse impacts of microalgae and nutrient stress were alleviated through the inoculation with actinomycetes. Even though the co-cultivation system leads to reduced lettuce growth, the system enables the production of high-value microalgal biomass with exceptional biodiesel fuel properties, including superior oxidative stability (>13 h), a commendable cetane number (>62), and a high heating value (>40 MJ/kg). This biomass, with its potential as a renewable biodiesel feedstock, has the capacity to augment the overall profitability of the process. Hence, the co-cultivation of microalgae and actinomycete-inoculated lettuce appears to be a viable approach not only for hydroponic lettuce cultivation but also for the generation of microalgal biomass with potential applications in renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"77 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010071
Bhornchai Harakotr, Lalita Charoensup, P. Rithichai, Y. Jirakiattikul
Nutrients and light are critical factors for sustained Centella asiatica L. Urban production under a controlled environment. The growth, triterpene glycosides, and antioxidant activities of C. asiatica grown under a controlled environment with different nutrient solution formulations (NFFs) and LED light intensities were investigated. Four different NSFs were tested on plant growth, bioactive compounds, and their activities in a conventional greenhouse. The results showed that the plants grown with Houghland and Arnon solution exhibited better growth performance, whereas the use of Resh’s Tropical Dry Summer solution led to increased bioactive compounds and their activities. Subsequently, Resh’s Tropical Dry Summer solution was selected to evaluate the effect of light intensity in a controlled environment. Plants were grown under three LED light intensities (110, 220, and 330 µmol/m2/s PPFD) compared with fluorescent and natural lights (45 and 326 µmol/m2/s PPFD, respectively). We found that light intensity had the strongest influence on growth, triterpene glycosides, and antioxidant activities. Significantly higher values of the most studied parameters were observed in plants grown under high light intensity compared to those grown under low light intensity. The optimal light intensity was 330 µmol/m2/s PPFD, representing an efficient approach for commercially producing this medicinal plant with a higher yield and medicinal properties in a controlled environment.
{"title":"Growth, Triterpene Glycosides, and Antioxidant Activities of Centella asiatica L. Urban Grown in a Controlled Environment with Different Nutrient Solution Formulations and LED Light Intensities","authors":"Bhornchai Harakotr, Lalita Charoensup, P. Rithichai, Y. Jirakiattikul","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010071","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrients and light are critical factors for sustained Centella asiatica L. Urban production under a controlled environment. The growth, triterpene glycosides, and antioxidant activities of C. asiatica grown under a controlled environment with different nutrient solution formulations (NFFs) and LED light intensities were investigated. Four different NSFs were tested on plant growth, bioactive compounds, and their activities in a conventional greenhouse. The results showed that the plants grown with Houghland and Arnon solution exhibited better growth performance, whereas the use of Resh’s Tropical Dry Summer solution led to increased bioactive compounds and their activities. Subsequently, Resh’s Tropical Dry Summer solution was selected to evaluate the effect of light intensity in a controlled environment. Plants were grown under three LED light intensities (110, 220, and 330 µmol/m2/s PPFD) compared with fluorescent and natural lights (45 and 326 µmol/m2/s PPFD, respectively). We found that light intensity had the strongest influence on growth, triterpene glycosides, and antioxidant activities. Significantly higher values of the most studied parameters were observed in plants grown under high light intensity compared to those grown under low light intensity. The optimal light intensity was 330 µmol/m2/s PPFD, representing an efficient approach for commercially producing this medicinal plant with a higher yield and medicinal properties in a controlled environment.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010064
Hongming Wang, Guang Ba, J. Y. Uwamungu, Wenjuan Ma, Linna Yang
The induction of adventitious roots is a key factor restricting the vegetative propagation of apple dwarf rootstocks. PLETHORA (PLT) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of plant stem cell niche and adventitious root development. In this study, we identified the PLT1 gene in apples by bioinformatics and analyzed its evolutionary relationship. The MdPLT1 gene was cloned from M9-T337 to verify its subcellular localization and analyze its function in transgenic tobacco. The MdPLT1 protein contained two conserved AP2 domains which may be similar to those of poplar the PtrPLT2a and PtrPLT2b with 85% support. The CDS sequence of the MdPLT1 gene was 1638 bp, encoding 545 amino acids. The transcription factor MdPLT1 was localized in the nucleus. The number of adventitious roots of tobacco plants overexpressing MdPLT1 significantly increased. In the adventitious roots of MdPLT1-overexpressed plants, the expression levels of genes related to the NtPINs family and the NtYUCCAs family were significantly increased. The results showed that MdPLT1 positively regulated adventitious root formation. This study provided a theoretical basis for the establishment of the fast vegetative propagation of apple dwarf rootstocks.
{"title":"Transcription Factor MdPLT1 Involved Adventitious Root Initiation in Apple Rootstocks","authors":"Hongming Wang, Guang Ba, J. Y. Uwamungu, Wenjuan Ma, Linna Yang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010064","url":null,"abstract":"The induction of adventitious roots is a key factor restricting the vegetative propagation of apple dwarf rootstocks. PLETHORA (PLT) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of plant stem cell niche and adventitious root development. In this study, we identified the PLT1 gene in apples by bioinformatics and analyzed its evolutionary relationship. The MdPLT1 gene was cloned from M9-T337 to verify its subcellular localization and analyze its function in transgenic tobacco. The MdPLT1 protein contained two conserved AP2 domains which may be similar to those of poplar the PtrPLT2a and PtrPLT2b with 85% support. The CDS sequence of the MdPLT1 gene was 1638 bp, encoding 545 amino acids. The transcription factor MdPLT1 was localized in the nucleus. The number of adventitious roots of tobacco plants overexpressing MdPLT1 significantly increased. In the adventitious roots of MdPLT1-overexpressed plants, the expression levels of genes related to the NtPINs family and the NtYUCCAs family were significantly increased. The results showed that MdPLT1 positively regulated adventitious root formation. This study provided a theoretical basis for the establishment of the fast vegetative propagation of apple dwarf rootstocks.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"20 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010067
Alfredo Martínez-Cruz, M. Rojas-Valencia
The treatment of stabilized leachates with high refractory organic matter content, which are over 10 years old, presents a challenge. This study explored the potential of electro-coagulation (EC) and electro-oxidation (EO) treatment systems to address this issue. The objective of this study was to investigate the phytotoxicity of the proposed treatment system on seed growth and examine possible relationships between phytotoxicity results and the characterization of leachates, effluents, soil, and radicles. Phytotoxicity tests were conducted on seeds of Lactuca sativa, Cucumis sativus, and Phaseolus vulgaris, using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical analysis. The evolution of organic matter was monitored by fractionating the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and humic substances. The biodegradability index increased from 0.094 in raw leachate to 0.26 and 0.48 with EC and EO, respectively. Removal rates of 82%, 86%, 99%, and 81% were achieved for COD, dissolved organic carbon, color, and ammoniacal nitrogen, respectively. The biodegradable COD increased from 26% in raw leachate to 39% in the EC process and 58% in the EO process effluent. The proposed treatment system successfully broke the aromatic structures of the humic substances present in the raw leachate, thereby increasing the content of biodegradable material. Phytotoxicity tests revealed that the proposed treatment system significantly reduced the phytotoxicity of the generated effluents.
{"title":"Assessment of Phytotoxicity in Untreated and Electrochemically Treated Leachates through the Analysis of Early Seed Growth and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy Characterization","authors":"Alfredo Martínez-Cruz, M. Rojas-Valencia","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010067","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of stabilized leachates with high refractory organic matter content, which are over 10 years old, presents a challenge. This study explored the potential of electro-coagulation (EC) and electro-oxidation (EO) treatment systems to address this issue. The objective of this study was to investigate the phytotoxicity of the proposed treatment system on seed growth and examine possible relationships between phytotoxicity results and the characterization of leachates, effluents, soil, and radicles. Phytotoxicity tests were conducted on seeds of Lactuca sativa, Cucumis sativus, and Phaseolus vulgaris, using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical analysis. The evolution of organic matter was monitored by fractionating the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and humic substances. The biodegradability index increased from 0.094 in raw leachate to 0.26 and 0.48 with EC and EO, respectively. Removal rates of 82%, 86%, 99%, and 81% were achieved for COD, dissolved organic carbon, color, and ammoniacal nitrogen, respectively. The biodegradable COD increased from 26% in raw leachate to 39% in the EC process and 58% in the EO process effluent. The proposed treatment system successfully broke the aromatic structures of the humic substances present in the raw leachate, thereby increasing the content of biodegradable material. Phytotoxicity tests revealed that the proposed treatment system significantly reduced the phytotoxicity of the generated effluents.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010068
Runze Yu, N. Torres, S. Kurtural
The spatial variability in vineyard soil might negatively affect wine composition, leading to inhomogeneous flavonoid composition and aromatic profiles. In this study, we investigated the spatial variability in wine chemical composition in a Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard in 2019 and 2020. Because of the tight relationships with soil profiles, mid-day stem water potential integrals (Ψstem Int) were used to delineate the vineyard into two zones, including Zone 1 with relatively higher water stress and Zone 2 with relatively lower water stress. Wine from Zone 2 generally had more anthocyanins in 2019. In 2020, Zone 1 had more anthocyanins and flavonols. Zone 2 had more proanthocyanidin extension and terminal subunits as well as total proanthocyanidins in 2020. According to the Principal Component Analyses (PCA) for berry and wine chemical composition, the two zones were significantly different in the studied wine aromatic compounds. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the possibility of managing the spatial variability of both wine flavonoid composition and aromatic profiles through connecting vineyard soil variability to grapevine season-long water status.
{"title":"Obtaining Spatial Variations in Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) Wine Flavonoid Composition and Aromatic Profiles by Studying Long-Term Plant Water Status in Hyper-Arid Seasons","authors":"Runze Yu, N. Torres, S. Kurtural","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010068","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial variability in vineyard soil might negatively affect wine composition, leading to inhomogeneous flavonoid composition and aromatic profiles. In this study, we investigated the spatial variability in wine chemical composition in a Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard in 2019 and 2020. Because of the tight relationships with soil profiles, mid-day stem water potential integrals (Ψstem Int) were used to delineate the vineyard into two zones, including Zone 1 with relatively higher water stress and Zone 2 with relatively lower water stress. Wine from Zone 2 generally had more anthocyanins in 2019. In 2020, Zone 1 had more anthocyanins and flavonols. Zone 2 had more proanthocyanidin extension and terminal subunits as well as total proanthocyanidins in 2020. According to the Principal Component Analyses (PCA) for berry and wine chemical composition, the two zones were significantly different in the studied wine aromatic compounds. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the possibility of managing the spatial variability of both wine flavonoid composition and aromatic profiles through connecting vineyard soil variability to grapevine season-long water status.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"119 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010069
Annalisa Somma, O. D. Palmitessa, Massimiliano D’Imperio, F. Serio, Pietro Santamaria
Agronomic biofortification of crops is a promising approach for the accumulation of Si in plant organs and can be achieved through the application of Si-containing fertilizers in the nutrient solution (NS) using a soilless technique. In the present research, a local variety of Cucumis melo L. called Carosello and two tomato hybrids, ‘Alfa 200’ (TA) and ‘Versus’ (TV), were cultivated in a floating system with three levels of Si (0, 50, and 100 mg·L−1) in the NS with the aim to study the Si translocation/accumulation in leaves, stems, and roots of these genotypes. In general, by adding Si to the NS, Si accumulation in plants increased. Regarding Si translocation, it was found that Carosello exhibited a better translocation capacity than tomato hybrids, and Si movement from roots to shoots was very much dependent on tomato genotypes. With the highest Si content in the NS, TA had a similar Si concentration in leaves and stems, while TV showed a greater Si concentration in leaves. In conclusion, Carosello landrace is confirmed as a good Si accumulator, while the tomato is confirmed as a species with low Si accumulation capacity. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of Si biofortification in tomatoes is very much dependent on the genotype.
{"title":"Genotype-Specific Response to Silicon Supply in Young Tomato and Unripe Melon Plants Grown in a Floating System","authors":"Annalisa Somma, O. D. Palmitessa, Massimiliano D’Imperio, F. Serio, Pietro Santamaria","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010069","url":null,"abstract":"Agronomic biofortification of crops is a promising approach for the accumulation of Si in plant organs and can be achieved through the application of Si-containing fertilizers in the nutrient solution (NS) using a soilless technique. In the present research, a local variety of Cucumis melo L. called Carosello and two tomato hybrids, ‘Alfa 200’ (TA) and ‘Versus’ (TV), were cultivated in a floating system with three levels of Si (0, 50, and 100 mg·L−1) in the NS with the aim to study the Si translocation/accumulation in leaves, stems, and roots of these genotypes. In general, by adding Si to the NS, Si accumulation in plants increased. Regarding Si translocation, it was found that Carosello exhibited a better translocation capacity than tomato hybrids, and Si movement from roots to shoots was very much dependent on tomato genotypes. With the highest Si content in the NS, TA had a similar Si concentration in leaves and stems, while TV showed a greater Si concentration in leaves. In conclusion, Carosello landrace is confirmed as a good Si accumulator, while the tomato is confirmed as a species with low Si accumulation capacity. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of Si biofortification in tomatoes is very much dependent on the genotype.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"90 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010066
Mohsen Yari, A. Rokhzadi, Keyvan Shamsi, B. Pasari, A. Rahimi
Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is an annual versatile oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family, with an increasingly cultivated area. Predicting camelina seed yield response to fertilization and planting density is of great importance in understanding production potential and management planning. Therefore, the current study aimed to estimate the seed yield of camelina by response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) as affected by different levels of planting row spacing and nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and cow manure (CM) fertilization. The experiment was conducted in two growing years of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, based on a central composite design with four factors including row spacing (15–35 cm), N (0–200 kg ha−1), S (0–100 kg ha−1), and CM (0–40 t ha−1). The RSM models for seed yield versus fertilization and row spacing factors in both years were statistically significant and had an acceptable predictive ability. Camelina seed yield decreased with increasing row spacing but showed a positive response to increasing the amount of N, S, and CM fertilizers. Comparing the performance of the models showed that, although the RSM models were significant and had the necessary efficiency in predicting camelina seed yield, the ANN models were more accurate. The performance criteria of coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), standard error of prediction (SEP), mean absolute error (MAE), and Akaike information criterion (AICc) averaged over the two years for the RSM model were 0.924, 51.60, 5.51, 41.14, and 394.05, respectively, and for the ANN model were 0.968, 32.62, 3.54, 19.55, and 351.33, respectively. Based on the results, the ANN modeling can be used in predicting camelina seed yield in field conditions with more confidence than the RSM technique.
{"title":"RSM and ANN Modeling of Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) Seed Yield as Affected by Nitrogen, Sulfur, Cow Manure, and Row Spacing","authors":"Mohsen Yari, A. Rokhzadi, Keyvan Shamsi, B. Pasari, A. Rahimi","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010066","url":null,"abstract":"Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is an annual versatile oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family, with an increasingly cultivated area. Predicting camelina seed yield response to fertilization and planting density is of great importance in understanding production potential and management planning. Therefore, the current study aimed to estimate the seed yield of camelina by response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) as affected by different levels of planting row spacing and nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and cow manure (CM) fertilization. The experiment was conducted in two growing years of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, based on a central composite design with four factors including row spacing (15–35 cm), N (0–200 kg ha−1), S (0–100 kg ha−1), and CM (0–40 t ha−1). The RSM models for seed yield versus fertilization and row spacing factors in both years were statistically significant and had an acceptable predictive ability. Camelina seed yield decreased with increasing row spacing but showed a positive response to increasing the amount of N, S, and CM fertilizers. Comparing the performance of the models showed that, although the RSM models were significant and had the necessary efficiency in predicting camelina seed yield, the ANN models were more accurate. The performance criteria of coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), standard error of prediction (SEP), mean absolute error (MAE), and Akaike information criterion (AICc) averaged over the two years for the RSM model were 0.924, 51.60, 5.51, 41.14, and 394.05, respectively, and for the ANN model were 0.968, 32.62, 3.54, 19.55, and 351.33, respectively. Based on the results, the ANN modeling can be used in predicting camelina seed yield in field conditions with more confidence than the RSM technique.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"117 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melatonin’s role in regulating the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, particularly stilbenes, remains unknown in grape seeds. In this study, widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that 82 phenolic compounds were differentially accumulated in grape seeds from the berries treated with melatonin. The accumulation of resveratrol and its 11 derivatives was largely increased in melatonin-treated berry seeds. Additionally, melatonin treatment of preveraison grape berries increased the resveratrol content in seeds during berry ripening. The results of RNA-Seq showed that a total of 399 genes were differentially expressed, which were mainly involved in the plant hormone signal transduction, metabolic, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathways, in melatonin-treated berry seeds compared to control seeds. Additionally, five PALs, four 4CLs, one C4H, and four STSs were elucidated to be induced by melatonin in seeds at different time points after treatment. Therefore, melatonin promotes resveratrol accumulation and its derivatives, probably by upregulating the genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which provides precursors for resveratrol biosynthesis, and the STS genes in grape seeds.
{"title":"Melatonin Promotes Accumulation of Resveratrol and Its Derivatives through Upregulation of PAL, 4CL, C4H, and STS in Grape Seeds","authors":"Shiwei Gao, Dezheng Wei, Dandan Pan, Fei Wang, Hui Kang, Yuxin Yao","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010065","url":null,"abstract":"Melatonin’s role in regulating the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, particularly stilbenes, remains unknown in grape seeds. In this study, widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that 82 phenolic compounds were differentially accumulated in grape seeds from the berries treated with melatonin. The accumulation of resveratrol and its 11 derivatives was largely increased in melatonin-treated berry seeds. Additionally, melatonin treatment of preveraison grape berries increased the resveratrol content in seeds during berry ripening. The results of RNA-Seq showed that a total of 399 genes were differentially expressed, which were mainly involved in the plant hormone signal transduction, metabolic, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathways, in melatonin-treated berry seeds compared to control seeds. Additionally, five PALs, four 4CLs, one C4H, and four STSs were elucidated to be induced by melatonin in seeds at different time points after treatment. Therefore, melatonin promotes resveratrol accumulation and its derivatives, probably by upregulating the genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which provides precursors for resveratrol biosynthesis, and the STS genes in grape seeds.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"52 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In greenhouse management, maintaining optimal humidity is essential for promoting plant growth, including photosynthesis, and preventing diseases and pests. Addressing spatial variability requires sensor-based monitoring for informed decisions on humidification systems, particularly for small, and suspension-type dehumidifiers. This study aims to assess the impact of various layouts of small-sized suspension-type dehumidifiers on vertical, spatial, and temporal humidity variability, along with energy consumption in a greenhouse. During experiments in a 648 m³ (18 m × 6 m × 6 m) plastic greenhouse, dehumidifiers were placed at four different layouts: one at the center (layout 1), one on each side (layout 2), two units at the center facing opposite directions (layout 3), and two units on one side facing the center (layout 4). Temperature and humidity (TH) sensors were connected to a microcontroller, facilitating wireless data acquisition, storage, and remote monitoring. The actuator was controlled through a relay module, and current sensors monitored power consumption. Spatial interpolation and mapping were employed using mapping software. These layouts reduced humidity from 89.30% to 51.10%, with Layout 2 displaying the most consistent humidity distribution. Water removal efficiency varied among layouts, with layout 2 exhibiting the highest (61.15 L) and overall performance of 50%, while layouts 1, 3, and 4 exhibited lower efficiencies of 40%, 44%, and 49%, respectively. Power consumption ranged from 0.506 to 0.528 kW for the dehumidifier and 0.242 to 0.264 kW for the fan. The findings highlighted that positioning the dehumidifier on both sides, facing towards the center (Layout 2), resulted in the most uniform humidity control within the greenhouse. The optimal layout of small suspension-type dehumidifiers in greenhouses would significantly improve humidity control, promoting plant growth.
{"title":"Layout of Suspension-Type Small-Sized Dehumidifiers Affects Humidity Variability and Energy Consumption in Greenhouses","authors":"Md Ashrafuzzaman Gulandaz, Md Sazzadul Kabir, Md Shaha Nur Kabir, Mohammod Ali, Md Nasim Reza, Md Asrakul Haque, Geun-Hyeok Jang, Sun-Ok Chung","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010063","url":null,"abstract":"In greenhouse management, maintaining optimal humidity is essential for promoting plant growth, including photosynthesis, and preventing diseases and pests. Addressing spatial variability requires sensor-based monitoring for informed decisions on humidification systems, particularly for small, and suspension-type dehumidifiers. This study aims to assess the impact of various layouts of small-sized suspension-type dehumidifiers on vertical, spatial, and temporal humidity variability, along with energy consumption in a greenhouse. During experiments in a 648 m³ (18 m × 6 m × 6 m) plastic greenhouse, dehumidifiers were placed at four different layouts: one at the center (layout 1), one on each side (layout 2), two units at the center facing opposite directions (layout 3), and two units on one side facing the center (layout 4). Temperature and humidity (TH) sensors were connected to a microcontroller, facilitating wireless data acquisition, storage, and remote monitoring. The actuator was controlled through a relay module, and current sensors monitored power consumption. Spatial interpolation and mapping were employed using mapping software. These layouts reduced humidity from 89.30% to 51.10%, with Layout 2 displaying the most consistent humidity distribution. Water removal efficiency varied among layouts, with layout 2 exhibiting the highest (61.15 L) and overall performance of 50%, while layouts 1, 3, and 4 exhibited lower efficiencies of 40%, 44%, and 49%, respectively. Power consumption ranged from 0.506 to 0.528 kW for the dehumidifier and 0.242 to 0.264 kW for the fan. The findings highlighted that positioning the dehumidifier on both sides, facing towards the center (Layout 2), resulted in the most uniform humidity control within the greenhouse. The optimal layout of small suspension-type dehumidifiers in greenhouses would significantly improve humidity control, promoting plant growth.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010062
Camille Ulrich Dzokouo Dzoyem, G. Touko, Emmanuel Youmbi, Frédéric Bakry
Conventional breeding involves considerable genetic recombination. To maximize breeding efforts, it is necessary to increase seed yield. This study proposes to improve seed yield by using tetraploid bananas as part of a genetic improvement programme for cooking varieties. To this end, the female fertility (seeding rate and embryo sac maturity) of tetraploid banana plants was characterised. The pollen potential of tetraploids was then assessed at anthesis and at the end of meiosis, as well as during crosses with seminiferous diploids, leading to a phenotypic characterisation of the value of an offspring. This study highlighted the low seed production rate of tetraploid genitors. At best, 7% of seeds are produced per fruit, but 57% of the ovules per fruit have mature embryo sacs. The use of tetraploids as male parents, free from any source of sterility associated with the domestication process, did not generally improve the seed rate, except in the case of FHIA 21 (2930 seeds). Its pollen potential was used in a cross with Banksii 0623 (♀). This resulted in progeny with interesting vigour and phenotypic characteristics. This latter combination has the potential to transfer its “cooking” genetic structure.
{"title":"Improving Crossing Efficiency by Exploiting the Genetic Potential of Allotetraploid Cooking Bananas","authors":"Camille Ulrich Dzokouo Dzoyem, G. Touko, Emmanuel Youmbi, Frédéric Bakry","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010062","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional breeding involves considerable genetic recombination. To maximize breeding efforts, it is necessary to increase seed yield. This study proposes to improve seed yield by using tetraploid bananas as part of a genetic improvement programme for cooking varieties. To this end, the female fertility (seeding rate and embryo sac maturity) of tetraploid banana plants was characterised. The pollen potential of tetraploids was then assessed at anthesis and at the end of meiosis, as well as during crosses with seminiferous diploids, leading to a phenotypic characterisation of the value of an offspring. This study highlighted the low seed production rate of tetraploid genitors. At best, 7% of seeds are produced per fruit, but 57% of the ovules per fruit have mature embryo sacs. The use of tetraploids as male parents, free from any source of sterility associated with the domestication process, did not generally improve the seed rate, except in the case of FHIA 21 (2930 seeds). Its pollen potential was used in a cross with Banksii 0623 (♀). This resulted in progeny with interesting vigour and phenotypic characteristics. This latter combination has the potential to transfer its “cooking” genetic structure.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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