死亡是文化和宗教认同的主线

Juana Paulina Carhuamaca Barbaran, Rosa Laura Cuitiño, Nilda Susana Gómez, Cristian Ezequiel Jaramillo, Antonella Soledad Meza, Ileana Belen Nieto
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文从人类学的角度探讨死亡问题,探索死亡的历史演变及其对不同文化和社会的影响。文章首先探讨了人类学如何促进我们对死亡的理解,从人类学起源于超自然现象到当代的研究方法。书中指出了人类学死亡研究的三个关键时期:20 世纪的演变、象征人类学的鼎盛时期以及当前的跨学科时代。分析的重点是欧洲殖民化对新大陆的影响,以及人类学是如何成为记录和理解遭遇殖民者的土著居民的文化和宗教变化的工具的。此外,该书还探讨了从阿根廷印加人到阿根廷当代土著文化等不同文化中的殡葬信仰和习俗。文章重点介绍了天主教、佛教、伊斯兰教等不同宗教中的死亡仪式和概念。文章强调了在全球化世界中欣赏围绕死亡的文化多样性的重要性。尽管表面上存在差异,但死亡仍然是一个普遍的主题,它提出了关于生命和超越的根本问题。了解不同文化如何面对死亡并赋予其意义,对于在当今社会促进跨文化共鸣和尊重至关重要。
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Death as a thread of Cultural and Religious Identity
This article approaches death from an anthropological perspective, exploring its historical evolution and its influence on diverse cultures and societies. It begins by examining how anthropology has contributed to our understanding of death, from its roots in the supernatural to contemporary approaches. Three pivotal periods in anthropological death research are identified: the twentieth-century evolutionary, the heyday of symbolic anthropology, and the current interdisciplinary era. The analysis focuses on the impact of European colonization in the New World and how anthropology emerged as a tool for documenting and understanding cultural and religious changes among indigenous populations who encountered the colonizers. In addition, it explores funerary beliefs and practices in diverse cultures, from the Incas in Argentina to contemporary native cultures in the same country. It highlights rituals and conceptions of death in different religions, including Catholicism, Buddhism, Islam and others. The article underscores the importance of appreciating the cultural diversity surrounding death in a globalized world. Despite superficial differences, death remains a universal theme that raises fundamental questions about life and transcendence. Understanding how different cultures confront and give meaning to death is essential to promote cross-cultural empathy and respect in today's society.
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