应对 COVID-19 大流行病的墨西哥近岸外包和美国供应链复原力

Findings Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI:10.32866/001c.91272
Thomas Stringer, M. Ramírez-Melgarejo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

COVID-19 大流行导致全球供应链动荡,引发短缺和延误。各国政府和公司纷纷寻求应对未来危机的策略。美国的对策是 "近岸外包",将制造业从中国转移到墨西哥。本研究通过分析 2019 年至 2023 年的贸易数据,研究了这种转移是否发生及其对各行业的影响。两国在 2020 年第一季度中断后都出现了初步反弹。然而,中国的出口减弱,而墨西哥的出口激增,到 2023 年 3 月超过了中国。机械和电气元件等行业也呈现出类似的趋势。墨西哥在美国供应方面表现突出,而中国的主导地位则受到削弱,这证实了近岸化假设。近岸化大大增强了供应链的长期弹性。
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Nearshoring to Mexico and US Supply Chain Resilience as a Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted global supply chain upheavals, triggering shortages and delays. Governments and companies sought resilient strategies for future crises. A US response was “nearshoring,” shifting manufacturing from China to Mexico. Analyzing trade data from 2019 to 2023, this study examines if this shift occurred and its sectoral impact. Both countries initially rebounded post-Q1 2020 disruptions. However, China’s exports waned, while Mexico’s surged, surpassing China by March 2023. Sectors like machinery and electrical components showed similar trends. Mexico excelled in US supply, while China’s dominance eroded, affirming the nearshoring hypothesis. Proximity significantly bolstered long-term supply chain resilience.
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