“Cohesiveness of hyaluronic acid fillers” : Evaluation using multiple cohesion tests

Background: Hyaluronic acid fillers can be manufactured using various processes. They have multiple properties, including their concentration, degree of modification, and rheological data. Cohesion is one such property to evaluate gel integrity; however, there is no standardized method for calculating this parameter. This study aimed to evaluate different tests for calculating hyaluronic acid cohesion and discuss the importance of hyaluronic acid cohesion as a consideration when selecting fillers. Methods: The cohesion levels of five different hyaluronic acid fillers with different rheological properties were evaluated and compared using the drop weight, compression, tack, and dispersion time tests. Results: The cohesion tests yielded different results in the samples. Samples 2 and 4 showed approximately two times the number of droplets when compared to Sample 5 in drop test. Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 were superior to Sample 5 in tack test. Samples 1, 2, 3 showed cohesive appearances at 95 sec in most cases in dispersion test. Rheological test results did not reflect the measures of cohesion. Conclusions: Although there are no definite standardized tests to evaluate the cohesion of hyaluronic acid fillers, our proposed tests showed similar results for different hyaluronic acid filler products. Further studies are needed to evaluate the cohesion of hyaluronic acid fillers and determine the clinical use of this distinguishing characteristic for clinicians selecting the product of choice.