青少年足球教练对足球人才选拔的看法

Voja Milosavljević, Željko Rajković, Dragan Perišić
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摘要

社会和俱乐部投入了大量的精力、时间和金钱来发掘有潜力发展成为顶尖运动员的年轻人。本文旨在阐明体育人才概念的实质,并评估塞尔维亚青少年足球教练在发现、识别和选拔有天赋的足球运动员等重要问题上的意见与其他研究的一致程度。161 名具有较高水平的青少年足球教练参加了此次调查。在日常生活中,人们经常听到 "天才 "一词,用来强调在某一领域取得高于平均水平成绩的年轻人的素质或技能。人才并没有一个通用的定义。随着时间的推移,人才的概念不断扩展和动态化,如今,人才被多维度地对待,被整体性地评估,并以一定的概率得出结论。传统意义上,教练员挑选球员的依据是个人喜好、观察比赛中的动作模式和根据经验的直觉,以及利用测试结果监测形态特征和运动技能的变化。要想按照计划的结果以竞技成绩的形式实现天赋,除了要有培养适当能力的倾向外,还需要有强烈的动机和良好的环境,以及最佳的训练过程。童年和青年时期的强烈发育变化阻碍了对天才运动员最终能力范围的可靠判断,因为天赋会改变其结构。进一步的研究应侧重于发现天赋的主要和次要组成部分、它们之间的相互联系、影响以及在童年和青年时期的变化。这一课题提出了许多问题,如如何不扼杀天才的个性?对未被发现者的发现是否会使足球运动失去魅力?
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THE OPINION OF YOUTH SOCCER COACHES ABOUT TALENT SELECTION FOR SOCCER
Society and clubs invest a lot of effort, time and money to discover young people who have the potential to develop into top athletes. But, there are still many questions about a universal theoretical approach, agreed terminology and possible characteristics of talent that would bring practical benefit.The purpose of this paper is to clarify the essence of talent concept in sports and to evaluate the degree of agreement between the opinions of Serbian youth soccer coaches on the important issues of detection, identification and selection of talented soccer players in comparison with other researches. 161 youth soccer coaches with a high level of competence participated in the survey.The word talent is often heard in everyday speech to emphasize the qualities or skills of a young person who achieves above-average results in a certain field. There is no universal definition of talent. Over time, talent concept expanded and dynamized, so that today talent is approached multidimensionally, assessed holistically, and a conclusion is reached with a certain degree of probability. Coaches traditionally select players based on personal taste, observing movement patterns in the game and using their intuition based on experience, and using test results to monitor changes in morphological characteristics and motor skills. In addition to the existence of a disposition for the development of appropriate abilities, strong motivation and a favorable environment with an optimal training process are needed to realize the talent according to the planned outcome in the form of a competitive result. A reliable judgment about the ultimate range of a talented athlete is hindered by intense developmental changes in childhood and youth, due to which talent changes its structure. Further research should be focused on discovering the main and secondary components of giftedness, their interconnections, influences and changes during childhood and youth. This topic raises many questions such as: How not to stifle the individuality of talent? Would the discovery of the undiscovered make the game of soccer lose its charm?
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