This study determined effects of workplace power on job performance with its implications for Agricultural Universities in Nigeria. Two hundred and twenty seven (227) employees were randomly drawn from the selected universities through multistage sampling procedure. The mean age of the employees was 38 years, while most of the employees were mostly male (60.8%). Results indicated that the overall job performance was significantly influenced by expert (b = 0.287, p<0.01) and legitimate power (b = -0.279, p<0.05) in studied educational organizations. It was clearly concluded from the study that superior officers have considerable professional experience to manage workplace power through which subordinates were made to do their work better. This professional expertise of the line officers positively enhanced employees’ job performance. This study recommended that, policy that will ensure transparency in all administrative procedures be put in place to enhance thriving of legitimate power within organizations.
{"title":"WORKPLACE POWER AND JOB PERFORMANCE: IMPLICATIONS FROM AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA","authors":"Abiona Bolaji Grace, Odetayo Taiwo David, Fakoya Emmanuel Oluwagbenga, Adeogun Stephen Oluwaseun","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0301007b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301007b","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined effects of workplace power on job performance with its implications for Agricultural Universities in Nigeria. Two hundred and twenty seven (227) employees were randomly drawn from the selected universities through multistage sampling procedure. The mean age of the employees was 38 years, while most of the employees were mostly male (60.8%). Results indicated that the overall job performance was significantly influenced by expert (b = 0.287, p<0.01) and legitimate power (b = -0.279, p<0.05) in studied educational organizations. It was clearly concluded from the study that superior officers have considerable professional experience to manage workplace power through which subordinates were made to do their work better. This professional expertise of the line officers positively enhanced employees’ job performance. This study recommended that, policy that will ensure transparency in all administrative procedures be put in place to enhance thriving of legitimate power within organizations.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0301075s
Radoje V. Šoškić
Through the analysis of Steve Tesich’s and Naomi Wallace’s dramatic masterpieces On the Open Road (1992) and Things of Dry Hours (2007), respectively, the paper strives to examine the dramatists’ insights into the role of art and theatre within the context of the contemporary artistic landscape and the societal ethos. Tesich and Wallace, both acclaimed as engaged and dissenting writers, envision theatre as a hallowed space for social and imaginative metamorphosis. They challenge the prevailing cultural norms and values, serving as beacons of resistance against dehumanizing practices that have taken root in modern society, often perpetuated by capitalist regimes. In this light, the paper underscores the seminal importance of their artistic contributions, which delve into the disintegration of art’s societal significance, the pervasiveness of societal apathy, the absurdity of warfare, and the overarching influence of organized religion. Within the framework of On the Open Road, Steve Tesich poignantly underscores the dwindling influence of art in a dystopian world where it has been commodified. The characters Al and Angel grapple with a post-apocalyptic society fragmented into distinct factions under the dominion of potent entities. Art, once the source of profound inspiration, is relegated to the status of a mere bargaining chip. Tesich contemplates the devaluation of art appreciation, underscoring the dire need to fathom art, rather than merely rationalize it. He cogently argues that this transformative paradigm poses an existential threat to humanity and its moral underpinnings. However, amid the bleak future depicted, the play offers a glimmer of hope - the restoration of human nature through acts of love devoid of ulterior motives. In a parallel vein, Naomi Wallace’s Things of Dry Hours is distinctly situated in the early 1930s Alabama, a locale that encapsulates myriad sociopolitical nuances. The play unfolds as an intricate tapestry of themes encompassing race, class, and political turmoil. The characters, notably Tice Hogan, his daughter Cali, and the enigmatic Corbin Teel, confront the divisive aspects of racial privilege and economic disparities. The dramatic narrative adroitly negotiates the interplay between Christian religiosity and the tenets of Communism. Concurrently, Wallace delves into the ineffable dimensions of spiritual desolation, perceptibly etched into the characters’ existential identities. The characters undergo a transformative journey, awakening dormant desires and rekindling hope for social transformation and a more meaningful existence.
本文通过分析史蒂夫-特西奇（Steve Tesich）和纳奥米-华莱士（Naomi Wallace）分别创作的戏剧杰作《开放之路》（On the Open Road，1992 年）和《干涸时光的事物》（Things of Dry Hours，2007 年），试图研究戏剧家们在当代艺术景观和社会风气背景下对艺术和戏剧角色的见解。特西奇和华莱士都是备受赞誉的参与型和异议型作家，他们将戏剧视为社会和想象力蜕变的神圣空间。他们挑战普遍的文化规范和价值观，成为抵制非人化做法的灯塔，而非人化做法已在现代社会扎根，并往往由资本主义政权所延续。有鉴于此，本文强调了他们的艺术贡献的开创性意义，这些贡献深入探讨了艺术的社会意义的瓦解、社会冷漠的普遍性、战争的荒谬性以及有组织宗教的总体影响。在《在开阔的大路上》的框架内，史蒂夫-特西奇深刻地强调了在一个艺术被商品化的乌托邦世界中，艺术的影响力正在逐渐减弱。艾尔和安吉尔所扮演的角色要面对的是一个在强大实体统治下分裂成不同派别的末世社会。艺术曾经是深邃灵感的源泉，如今却沦为单纯的交易筹码。特西奇对艺术欣赏的贬值进行了思考，强调了对艺术的理解而不仅仅是合理化的迫切需要。他有力地论证了这种变革模式对人类及其道德基础构成的生存威胁。然而，在所描绘的暗淡未来中，该剧带来了一线希望--通过别有用心的爱的行为恢复人性。与此类似，纳奥米-华莱士的《干涸时光》（Things of Dry Hours）也是以 20 世纪 30 年代初的阿拉巴马州为背景。该剧的主题错综复杂，涵盖了种族、阶级和政治动荡。剧中人物，尤其是泰斯-霍根（Tice Hogan）、他的女儿卡利（Cali）和神秘的科尔宾-蒂尔（Corbin Teel），直面种族特权和经济差距的分裂问题。戏剧性的叙事巧妙地处理了基督教宗教信仰与共产主义信条之间的相互作用。与此同时，华莱士深入探讨了精神荒芜的不可言喻的层面，并将其刻画在人物的生存身份中。剧中人物经历了一次转变之旅，唤醒了沉睡的欲望，重新点燃了对社会变革和更有意义的生存的希望。
{"title":"STEVE TESICH’S ON THE OPEN ROAD AND NAOMI WALLACE’S THINGS OF DRY HOURS AS DISCOURSES ON ART AND FREEDOM","authors":"Radoje V. Šoškić","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0301075s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301075s","url":null,"abstract":"Through the analysis of Steve Tesich’s and Naomi Wallace’s dramatic masterpieces On the Open Road (1992) and Things of Dry Hours (2007), respectively, the paper strives to examine the dramatists’ insights into the role of art and theatre within the context of the contemporary artistic landscape and the societal ethos. Tesich and Wallace, both acclaimed as engaged and dissenting writers, envision theatre as a hallowed space for social and imaginative metamorphosis. They challenge the prevailing cultural norms and values, serving as beacons of resistance against dehumanizing practices that have taken root in modern society, often perpetuated by capitalist regimes. In this light, the paper underscores the seminal importance of their artistic contributions, which delve into the disintegration of art’s societal significance, the pervasiveness of societal apathy, the absurdity of warfare, and the overarching influence of organized religion. Within the framework of On the Open Road, Steve Tesich poignantly underscores the dwindling influence of art in a dystopian world where it has been commodified. The characters Al and Angel grapple with a post-apocalyptic society fragmented into distinct factions under the dominion of potent entities. Art, once the source of profound inspiration, is relegated to the status of a mere bargaining chip. Tesich contemplates the devaluation of art appreciation, underscoring the dire need to fathom art, rather than merely rationalize it. He cogently argues that this transformative paradigm poses an existential threat to humanity and its moral underpinnings. However, amid the bleak future depicted, the play offers a glimmer of hope - the restoration of human nature through acts of love devoid of ulterior motives. In a parallel vein, Naomi Wallace’s Things of Dry Hours is distinctly situated in the early 1930s Alabama, a locale that encapsulates myriad sociopolitical nuances. The play unfolds as an intricate tapestry of themes encompassing race, class, and political turmoil. The characters, notably Tice Hogan, his daughter Cali, and the enigmatic Corbin Teel, confront the divisive aspects of racial privilege and economic disparities. The dramatic narrative adroitly negotiates the interplay between Christian religiosity and the tenets of Communism. Concurrently, Wallace delves into the ineffable dimensions of spiritual desolation, perceptibly etched into the characters’ existential identities. The characters undergo a transformative journey, awakening dormant desires and rekindling hope for social transformation and a more meaningful existence.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0301019p
Anca Parmena Olimid, Daniel Alin Olimid
Purpose: The research considers the systemic approaches to human behavior, social environment and behavioral history engaging the theoretical representations and conceptualizations of the relevant constructs in the field. Methods and methodology: The research overviews the conceptual clarity using terms and association of terms and following a five-steps research technique: (1) determination of conceptual cluters using JavaScript based programming Mermaid Live Editor; (2) generating three themes of analysis using the tools and services provided by four databases, namely: Wiley Online Library, Sage Journals, JSTOR and the Royal Society Publishing (information retrieved during the period from January 10, 2024 to February 10, 2024); (3) identifying the associated domains and applications of the conceptual clusters by reviewing the relevant scientific literature; (4) examining the concepts and evolutionary advances; (5) framing the patterns of the terminological analysis. Results and findings: The findings of the research patterns the analysis units referring to the relationships between various constructs and discussing the variations and role of concepts. Conclusions: In conclusion, the paper releases significant research outcomes concerning linkage between human behavior, social environment and behavioral history and the occurrence and viewpoints about the three themes of analysis by focusing on the role of social environment and public participation.
{"title":"THREE SYSTEMIC APPROACHES TO HUMAN BEHAVIOR, BEHAVIORAL HISTORY AND POPULATION BEHAVIOR: WHAT ROLE FOR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION?","authors":"Anca Parmena Olimid, Daniel Alin Olimid","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0301019p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301019p","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The research considers the systemic approaches to human behavior, social environment and behavioral history engaging the theoretical representations and conceptualizations of the relevant constructs in the field. Methods and methodology: The research overviews the conceptual clarity using terms and association of terms and following a five-steps research technique: (1) determination of conceptual cluters using JavaScript based programming Mermaid Live Editor; (2) generating three themes of analysis using the tools and services provided by four databases, namely: Wiley Online Library, Sage Journals, JSTOR and the Royal Society Publishing (information retrieved during the period from January 10, 2024 to February 10, 2024); (3) identifying the associated domains and applications of the conceptual clusters by reviewing the relevant scientific literature; (4) examining the concepts and evolutionary advances; (5) framing the patterns of the terminological analysis. Results and findings: The findings of the research patterns the analysis units referring to the relationships between various constructs and discussing the variations and role of concepts. Conclusions: In conclusion, the paper releases significant research outcomes concerning linkage between human behavior, social environment and behavioral history and the occurrence and viewpoints about the three themes of analysis by focusing on the role of social environment and public participation.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"24 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0301083r
Aleksandar Ruzin
Whether approached from an empirical or theoretical scientific point of view, the concept of interest groups covers a reality that is extremely difficult to understand and define. Although the formation of interest groups is a phenomenon that is common to all societies and the term is constantly used in the public debate in the form of “interest groups”, “pressure groups” or “lobbies”, it shows various sociological, ideological and economic heterogeneous aspects. Interest groups can take many different forms (unions, professional, religious organizations, associations, collective movements, etc.). An interest group, to be considered as such, must rely on a permanent organization, which distinguishes it, for example, from a one-time protest movement or social movement. Analyzing interest groups means discovering the logic of the construction of these collectives and their causes, their modes of existence and their means of existence, also studying the repertoires and modalities of action that “they implement the constraints and possibilities shaped by the spaces in which they are inserted.
{"title":"INTEREST GROUPS BETWEEN AUTONOMOUS AND NATIONAL INTEREST","authors":"Aleksandar Ruzin","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0301083r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301083r","url":null,"abstract":"Whether approached from an empirical or theoretical scientific point of view, the concept of interest groups covers a reality that is extremely difficult to understand and define. Although the formation of interest groups is a phenomenon that is common to all societies and the term is constantly used in the public debate in the form of “interest groups”, “pressure groups” or “lobbies”, it shows various sociological, ideological and economic heterogeneous aspects. Interest groups can take many different forms (unions, professional, religious organizations, associations, collective movements, etc.). An interest group, to be considered as such, must rely on a permanent organization, which distinguishes it, for example, from a one-time protest movement or social movement. Analyzing interest groups means discovering the logic of the construction of these collectives and their causes, their modes of existence and their means of existence, also studying the repertoires and modalities of action that “they implement the constraints and possibilities shaped by the spaces in which they are inserted.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"15 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0301025t
Svetlana Tasić, Jelena Vukićević, Dragan Dimitrijević, Dejan Anđelković
Making a decision about which project is the most profitable is not an easy task, especially when it comesto investments that require large investments. In practice, there are a large number of methods that are applied in order tomake the right decision. The aim of this paper is to show, through empirical analysis, the application of AHP and PROMETHEEmethods as extremely effective when deciding on the best alternative location for the construction of a mini-hydroelectric powerplant. In order to demonstrate the application of these methods and the process of choosing the most profitable project, usingthese methods, real data obtained by the investor, who has three alternative locations for the construction of a mini-hydroelectricpower plant, was used. First, an adequate discount factor, calculated net present value, Internal rate of RETURN project anddynamic investment payback period were selected, in order to then apply the AHP calculation, and then the PROMETHEEmethod in the Decision Lab 2000 program, based on all previously calculated indicators. The combination of these methodsshowed which of the projects is the most profitable and which should be implemented. The very application of these methodsalso showed us that several methods should be used before the final decision is made, in order to choose the most profitablealternative for the investor.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF AHP AND PROMETHEE METHODS FOR RANKING THE PROFITABILITY OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS","authors":"Svetlana Tasić, Jelena Vukićević, Dragan Dimitrijević, Dejan Anđelković","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0301025t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301025t","url":null,"abstract":"Making a decision about which project is the most profitable is not an easy task, especially when it comesto investments that require large investments. In practice, there are a large number of methods that are applied in order tomake the right decision. The aim of this paper is to show, through empirical analysis, the application of AHP and PROMETHEEmethods as extremely effective when deciding on the best alternative location for the construction of a mini-hydroelectric powerplant. In order to demonstrate the application of these methods and the process of choosing the most profitable project, usingthese methods, real data obtained by the investor, who has three alternative locations for the construction of a mini-hydroelectricpower plant, was used. First, an adequate discount factor, calculated net present value, Internal rate of RETURN project anddynamic investment payback period were selected, in order to then apply the AHP calculation, and then the PROMETHEEmethod in the Decision Lab 2000 program, based on all previously calculated indicators. The combination of these methodsshowed which of the projects is the most profitable and which should be implemented. The very application of these methodsalso showed us that several methods should be used before the final decision is made, in order to choose the most profitablealternative for the investor.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although there is an organized training system for coaches in the Football Association of Serbia (FAS), their careers are governed to a much greater extent by the merciless market, which forms a unique combination of the influence of the environment, age, previous competitive experience and level of success, as well as coaching experience. For the stated reason, the FAS Youth Commission, which takes care of the future of Serbian football, launched a survey on the professional profile of youth football coaches in Serbia. The analysis includes the work of 161 coaches of youth schools in the Super League, the First League and the Serbian League. Most coaches come from Western Serbia, followed by Belgrade, then Eastern Serbia, with Vojvodina at the back. The age structure of the coaches seems to meet the current needs of the Association. The coaching assotiation are also satisfying with a high percentage of licensed coaches. The coach’s previous playing experience is also satisfactory. A relatively small number of coaches have playing experience at the highest level. The question arises whether the structure of the average coaching tenure is sufficient for the results that are set as goals for the FAS? A small number of trainers worked with only one age group, while the largest number of trainers worked with 4 ages between 10 and 18 years old. Half of the coaches tried their hand at the senior competition. A seemingly simple analysis raises questions that mostly concern the unused resource for the advancement of the FAS, and which are precisely found in the strategic approach to the development of football personnel and the systematic management of the aforementioned variables, which, with the correct relationship, sequence and combination, can lead to more experienced and successful football experts in Serbia. Based on the results, FAS will launch a joint development program for youth.
{"title":"COMPETENCIES OF SERBIAN YOUTH FOOTBALL COACHES","authors":"Voja Milosavljević, Željko Rajković, Dragan Perišić","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0301055m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301055m","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is an organized training system for coaches in the Football Association of Serbia (FAS), their careers are governed to a much greater extent by the merciless market, which forms a unique combination of the influence of the environment, age, previous competitive experience and level of success, as well as coaching experience. For the stated reason, the FAS Youth Commission, which takes care of the future of Serbian football, launched a survey on the professional profile of youth football coaches in Serbia. The analysis includes the work of 161 coaches of youth schools in the Super League, the First League and the Serbian League. Most coaches come from Western Serbia, followed by Belgrade, then Eastern Serbia, with Vojvodina at the back. The age structure of the coaches seems to meet the current needs of the Association. The coaching assotiation are also satisfying with a high percentage of licensed coaches. The coach’s previous playing experience is also satisfactory. A relatively small number of coaches have playing experience at the highest level. The question arises whether the structure of the average coaching tenure is sufficient for the results that are set as goals for the FAS? A small number of trainers worked with only one age group, while the largest number of trainers worked with 4 ages between 10 and 18 years old. Half of the coaches tried their hand at the senior competition. A seemingly simple analysis raises questions that mostly concern the unused resource for the advancement of the FAS, and which are precisely found in the strategic approach to the development of football personnel and the systematic management of the aforementioned variables, which, with the correct relationship, sequence and combination, can lead to more experienced and successful football experts in Serbia. Based on the results, FAS will launch a joint development program for youth.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0301043s
Ivan Stojšić
Escape rooms used for teaching purposes are usually called educational escape rooms. Educational escape rooms are cooperative games designed for teaching particular educational material based on a series of narrative-driven puzzles that group(s) of pupils/students must solve within a limited time to achieve the goal of the game and leave a room or environment (or alternatively break into the locked box or unravel a mystery). The shift to online teaching caused by the COVID-19 pandemic increased the use of educational escape rooms in a digital format. Digital educational escape rooms are escape game-like interactive activities (based on educational content) that are made with digital technologies. Most of the research studies and literature reviews suggest that digital educational escape rooms could have some positive impacts on students’ cognitive, behavioral, and affective learning outcomes. However, a significant amount of digital escape games created by teachers lack engaging story, challenging narrative-based puzzles (that are related to specific learning objectives), and cohesive graphics. Therefore, the practical usability and effectiveness of such games in real and virtual learning environments are questionable. In the field of educational game development, generative artificial intelligence can play a significant role in simplifying the process, improving quality, and saving time. This paper discusses how teachers could utilize generative artificial intelligence tools to ease and improve the creation process of digital educational escape rooms. In other words, this paper provides examples of how elements of digital escape games (such as narrative, game environment images, and puzzles) can be created with generative artificial intelligence tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Bing Image Creator, Stable Diffusion, AutoDraw, etc.).
{"title":"POSSIBLE UTILIZATION OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS FOR CREATING DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ESCAPE ROOMS","authors":"Ivan Stojšić","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0301043s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301043s","url":null,"abstract":"Escape rooms used for teaching purposes are usually called educational escape rooms. Educational escape rooms are cooperative games designed for teaching particular educational material based on a series of narrative-driven puzzles that group(s) of pupils/students must solve within a limited time to achieve the goal of the game and leave a room or environment (or alternatively break into the locked box or unravel a mystery). The shift to online teaching caused by the COVID-19 pandemic increased the use of educational escape rooms in a digital format. Digital educational escape rooms are escape game-like interactive activities (based on educational content) that are made with digital technologies. Most of the research studies and literature reviews suggest that digital educational escape rooms could have some positive impacts on students’ cognitive, behavioral, and affective learning outcomes. However, a significant amount of digital escape games created by teachers lack engaging story, challenging narrative-based puzzles (that are related to specific learning objectives), and cohesive graphics. Therefore, the practical usability and effectiveness of such games in real and virtual learning environments are questionable. In the field of educational game development, generative artificial intelligence can play a significant role in simplifying the process, improving quality, and saving time. This paper discusses how teachers could utilize generative artificial intelligence tools to ease and improve the creation process of digital educational escape rooms. In other words, this paper provides examples of how elements of digital escape games (such as narrative, game environment images, and puzzles) can be created with generative artificial intelligence tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Bing Image Creator, Stable Diffusion, AutoDraw, etc.).","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0301049r
Temelko Risteski
Man, according to biologists, is an animal that belongs to the order of mammals, and within its framework, to the hominids family. Within this family he includes the species homo sapiens. As a creation of nature, he is a part of it. As a part of it, he actually represents human nature. He is born, grows, develops, reproduces, ages and dies according to natural laws. “Man is the measure of all that exists and of all does not exist”, says Protagoras.“ To have measure in everything is the first condition for achieving happiness,” says Democritus. For Aristotle, “two extremes are dangerous in human action: what is excessive and what is lacking. Our very nature suits exactly what is in the middle, neither too much nor too little.” Man, as a part of nature and a measure of everything that exists in it and of what did not exist, using its resources to create it in order to exist and use it, is obliged to respect the law of measure, as a law of nature. Respecting that law, man must take care to use the natural resources to a limit that will not lead to an unwanted change in its quality, and thus to the disruption of the conditions for his life. Unfortunately, man does not act like that, but mercilessly exploits and destroys nature. The thesis that the nature of Planet Earth has lost its self-regulating mechanisms is not true. On the contrary, the self-regulatory mechanisms of nature are increasingly coming to the fore. Global warming followed by unprecedented dry periods in certain parts of the Planet, the hunger of millions of people caused by them, catastrophic floods, hurricane-ravaged winds, increased mortality due to polluted air, epidemics and pandemics whose spread is facilitated by dense living in cities are nothing else, but regulatory mechanisms of nature by which it reduces the human population and tends to exterminate it. Man, ie, humanity, is the one who has lost self-regulatory mechanisms. Endless industrialization driven by the whip of profit, intoxicated by consumer obsession, with uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources, mercilessly destroys the ecosystem of Planet Earth. Due to the absence or ineffectiveness of self-regulatory mechanisms, Planet Earth, as the global natural environment of man, is facing a severe ecological crisis. Characteristic of this crisis is not only the destruction of living conditions by destruction and pollution of the natural environment, but also by the destruction of the entire ecosystem of the Planet, the maintenance of which is a vital condition for human life and the survival of civilization. Nature is omnipotent and inexorable when it comes to breaking its laws. Man, as humanized nature, can never be her master, as he imagines, but her servant and slave. The French philosopher Paul Holbach writes about this in his work “System of Nature.” Humanity must find self-regulatory mechanisms and strengthen the existing ones to the maximum. Otherwise, as Thomas Eliot says, “it comes to an end, not in a brut
{"title":"THE LAW OF MEASURE IN THE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE PROTECTION OF NATURE","authors":"Temelko Risteski","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0301049r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301049r","url":null,"abstract":"Man, according to biologists, is an animal that belongs to the order of mammals, and within its framework, to the hominids family. Within this family he includes the species homo sapiens. As a creation of nature, he is a part of it. As a part of it, he actually represents human nature. He is born, grows, develops, reproduces, ages and dies according to natural laws. “Man is the measure of all that exists and of all does not exist”, says Protagoras.“ To have measure in everything is the first condition for achieving happiness,” says Democritus. For Aristotle, “two extremes are dangerous in human action: what is excessive and what is lacking. Our very nature suits exactly what is in the middle, neither too much nor too little.” Man, as a part of nature and a measure of everything that exists in it and of what did not exist, using its resources to create it in order to exist and use it, is obliged to respect the law of measure, as a law of nature. Respecting that law, man must take care to use the natural resources to a limit that will not lead to an unwanted change in its quality, and thus to the disruption of the conditions for his life. Unfortunately, man does not act like that, but mercilessly exploits and destroys nature. The thesis that the nature of Planet Earth has lost its self-regulating mechanisms is not true. On the contrary, the self-regulatory mechanisms of nature are increasingly coming to the fore. Global warming followed by unprecedented dry periods in certain parts of the Planet, the hunger of millions of people caused by them, catastrophic floods, hurricane-ravaged winds, increased mortality due to polluted air, epidemics and pandemics whose spread is facilitated by dense living in cities are nothing else, but regulatory mechanisms of nature by which it reduces the human population and tends to exterminate it. Man, ie, humanity, is the one who has lost self-regulatory mechanisms. Endless industrialization driven by the whip of profit, intoxicated by consumer obsession, with uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources, mercilessly destroys the ecosystem of Planet Earth. Due to the absence or ineffectiveness of self-regulatory mechanisms, Planet Earth, as the global natural environment of man, is facing a severe ecological crisis. Characteristic of this crisis is not only the destruction of living conditions by destruction and pollution of the natural environment, but also by the destruction of the entire ecosystem of the Planet, the maintenance of which is a vital condition for human life and the survival of civilization. Nature is omnipotent and inexorable when it comes to breaking its laws. Man, as humanized nature, can never be her master, as he imagines, but her servant and slave. The French philosopher Paul Holbach writes about this in his work “System of Nature.” Humanity must find self-regulatory mechanisms and strengthen the existing ones to the maximum. Otherwise, as Thomas Eliot says, “it comes to an end, not in a brut","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0301183d
Natyra Dika-Krluku
Innovation plays a vital role in advancing economic growth, benefiting consumers, businesses, and the overall economy. Economically, it involves the creation of new products and/or services, the implementation of novel ideas to enhance goods and services, or the integration of new technologies into production processes. Therefore, to thrive in the business world, organizations must innovate. Their survival hinges on the ability to introduce innovations, essential for maintaining a stable and attractive position in the market. Innovations can happen in any area or level of an organization – from manufacturing a tiny electronic component, to introducing a groundbreaking product line, to creating a disruptive business model. Another significant aspect to consider is the impact of government policies on innovation. Hence, its support for businesses is crucial. The purpose of this paper is to examine North Macedonia’s innovation standing within the EU relative to other countries in the region. It aims to analyze the trends over the years, identify the factors influencing performance, assess the reasons behind the results, highlight the country’s strengths, and pinpoint areas that need improvement to align with countries with higher innovation scores, as assessed by the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS). The EIS offers a comparative evaluation of the research and innovation performance among European countries. North Macedonia’s indicator (46.3) ranks among the lowest, although there has been a significant improvement in the last year, narrowing the difference performance and that of the EU. However, there is still much work to be done. The study’s purpose is to identify the areas on which businesses and the government should focus in the future.
{"title":"NORTH MACEDONIA AS AN EMERGING INNOVATOR","authors":"Natyra Dika-Krluku","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0301183d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301183d","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation plays a vital role in advancing economic growth, benefiting consumers, businesses, and the overall economy. Economically, it involves the creation of new products and/or services, the implementation of novel ideas to enhance goods and services, or the integration of new technologies into production processes. Therefore, to thrive in the business world, organizations must innovate. Their survival hinges on the ability to introduce innovations, essential for maintaining a stable and attractive position in the market. Innovations can happen in any area or level of an organization – from manufacturing a tiny electronic component, to introducing a groundbreaking product line, to creating a disruptive business model. Another significant aspect to consider is the impact of government policies on innovation. Hence, its support for businesses is crucial. The purpose of this paper is to examine North Macedonia’s innovation standing within the EU relative to other countries in the region. It aims to analyze the trends over the years, identify the factors influencing performance, assess the reasons behind the results, highlight the country’s strengths, and pinpoint areas that need improvement to align with countries with higher innovation scores, as assessed by the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS). The EIS offers a comparative evaluation of the research and innovation performance among European countries. North Macedonia’s indicator (46.3) ranks among the lowest, although there has been a significant improvement in the last year, narrowing the difference performance and that of the EU. However, there is still much work to be done. The study’s purpose is to identify the areas on which businesses and the government should focus in the future.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0301145d
Tamara Dobrić, Aleksandra Patrić
Emotionally immature parents manifest a markedly distinct constellation of behavioral, emotional, and attitudinal characteristics. These individuals frequently exhibit egocentrism, constrained empathy, an excessive orientation towards self, an aversion to emotional expressions and intimacy. They often demonstrate an inability to recognize and appropriately respond to the needs of their offspring, leading to a predilection for tense and conflict-laden familial environments. Such dynamics are exacerbated by the parents’ aversion to genuine emotional engagement, which in turn impedes their capacity for self-reflection. Interactions with these parents are characteristically unidirectional and markedly lacking in depth. This study delineates four archetypes of emotionally immature parents: the emotionally driven parent, characterized by a reliance on personal feelings and a predisposition towards anxiety; the control-oriented parent, who imposes a rigid oversight on their children’s lives, dismissing their interests in favor of stringent goal orientation; the passive parent, predominantly self-engaged and frequently aligning with similarly immature personalities, exhibiting a tendency to capitulate to more dominant figures; and the rejecting parent, who displays a disinclination towards engaging in time with their offspring, finding solace in solitude and the pursuit of personal desires. This discourse aims to elucidate the phenomenon of parental emotional immaturity, outlining the primary traits of such parents and categorizing the distinct typologies thereof. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive description and theoretical explication of the characteristics and classifications of emotionally immature parents.
{"title":"THE HIDDEN FACE OF PARENTING: EMOTIONAL IMMATURITY","authors":"Tamara Dobrić, Aleksandra Patrić","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0301145d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301145d","url":null,"abstract":"Emotionally immature parents manifest a markedly distinct constellation of behavioral, emotional, and attitudinal characteristics. These individuals frequently exhibit egocentrism, constrained empathy, an excessive orientation towards self, an aversion to emotional expressions and intimacy. They often demonstrate an inability to recognize and appropriately respond to the needs of their offspring, leading to a predilection for tense and conflict-laden familial environments. Such dynamics are exacerbated by the parents’ aversion to genuine emotional engagement, which in turn impedes their capacity for self-reflection. Interactions with these parents are characteristically unidirectional and markedly lacking in depth. This study delineates four archetypes of emotionally immature parents: the emotionally driven parent, characterized by a reliance on personal feelings and a predisposition towards anxiety; the control-oriented parent, who imposes a rigid oversight on their children’s lives, dismissing their interests in favor of stringent goal orientation; the passive parent, predominantly self-engaged and frequently aligning with similarly immature personalities, exhibiting a tendency to capitulate to more dominant figures; and the rejecting parent, who displays a disinclination towards engaging in time with their offspring, finding solace in solitude and the pursuit of personal desires. This discourse aims to elucidate the phenomenon of parental emotional immaturity, outlining the primary traits of such parents and categorizing the distinct typologies thereof. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive description and theoretical explication of the characteristics and classifications of emotionally immature parents.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"23 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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