Intravitreal injections in the context of incarcerated patients

Recommendation: The paper provides a new perspective on issues related to intravitreal injections in the context of incarcerated patients, taking into account specific challenges, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and the awareness that complications associated with this procedure can pose a much greater challenge for both the staff and the patient. Objective: To examine and present scientific knowledge and its relevance to the treatment of incarcerated patients. Materials and Methods: Review of available literature using PubMed and Google Scholar platforms. Results and Conclusions: Bacterial infections of the intraocular chambers are serious complications of intravitreal injections, with Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus, being the main etiological factor. Faster development of infections in the case of Streptococcus viridans, which may result in advanced visual impairment. Animal studies reveal the pathomechanisms of retinal damage, expanding the perspectives on treatment and prevention. Potential neuroprotective effects of the fusion of elastin-like peptide (ELP) with αB-crystallin. Significant positive impact of wearing protective masks and maintaining silence during the procedure.Implications: Identified complications and pathogenetic mechanisms constitute a significant contribution to understanding this subject matter, which can be valuable for medical practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers involved in healthcare in correctional facilities.