Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.0101
Mariusz G. Karbowski
Over the past few years, there has been a great development of audiovisual electronic media. It brings great opportunities in many scientific fields but is also subject to many judgments of criticism from opponents. Therefore, in view of the enormity of the changes and expansion of the culture, many circles wonder and analyze what changes occur among adults under the influence of these means and especially online games. The author, based on his own research, presents a new psychological approach between the predisposition to addictions and impulsivity in the light of ressentiment. Seventy-two people participated in the study, and the IVE Impulsivity Questionnaire, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGD-20 Test) and Ressentiment Questionnaire were used. The results of the study showed that there is a link between impulsivity and addiction propensity, but it is determined by the degree of impulsivity in a person. On the other hand, ressentiment in the emotion regulatory system appeared as a negative feeling resulting from a sense of unfulfillment in an online game causing a mental state that extends over time and is underpinned by various types of emotionally tinged reactions. What can cause these feelings to turn into revenge without concrete actions-inducing hatred, but not leading to infliction of harm-and causing jealousy, which will not be confirmed by acts of jealousy. In light of this research, the negative emotion that is generated during online game interaction relates to personal experiences and can affect the emotional state and components of environmental attitudes.
{"title":"In search of the relationship between predisposition to addictions and impulsivity in online players from the resentment perspective","authors":"Mariusz G. Karbowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, there has been a great development of audiovisual electronic media. It brings great opportunities in many scientific fields but is also subject to many judgments of criticism from opponents. Therefore, in view of the enormity of the changes and expansion of the culture, many circles wonder and analyze what changes occur among adults under the influence of these means and especially online games. The author, based on his own research, presents a new psychological approach between the predisposition to addictions and impulsivity in the light of ressentiment. Seventy-two people participated in the study, and the IVE Impulsivity Questionnaire, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGD-20 Test) and Ressentiment Questionnaire were used. The results of the study showed that there is a link between impulsivity and addiction propensity, but it is determined by the degree of impulsivity in a person. On the other hand, ressentiment in the emotion regulatory system appeared as a negative feeling resulting from a sense of unfulfillment in an online game causing a mental state that extends over time and is underpinned by various types of emotionally tinged reactions. What can cause these feelings to turn into revenge without concrete actions-inducing hatred, but not leading to infliction of harm-and causing jealousy, which will not be confirmed by acts of jealousy. In light of this research, the negative emotion that is generated during online game interaction relates to personal experiences and can affect the emotional state and components of environmental attitudes.","PeriodicalId":34028,"journal":{"name":"Probacja","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.1328
Marcin Warchoł
Religious freedom is of fundamental significance among human rights, because it reaches beyond the temporal. It derives from human dignity. The European Court of Human Rights infers from Article 9 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (religious freedom) an obligation for states to provide legalprotection to religious communities and their members as well as objects of religious worship. Criminal law instruments for the protection of religious freedom are accordingly permissible. The paper presents 12 European national legislations that contain relevant criminal law regulations. They provide for punishment for violating the order of religious services and rites, objects of religious worship, as well as religious dogma and doctrine. These approaches are compared to Polish provisions in this respect. A comparative legal analysis has revealed that Poland has significantly weaker protection of religious acts, as well as objects and sites of religious devotion, compared to other countries’ legal systems. This lower standard of protection at the legislative level is confirmed in the adjudicatory practice of Polish courts. Crime criteria stipulated in Articles 194 and 195 of Poland’s Criminal Code, such as the “malicious” character of the perpetrator’s behaviour required for punishment for disrupting or “offending religious feelings”, as a condition for being held culpable for insulting an object of religious worship or site designated for the public performance of religious rites, ensure in effect the impunity of the perpetrators of these deeds. Their adjudicatory interpretation tends to grant those manifesting their hostility to religious faith and doctrine the right to disturb religious services and insult objects of religious devotion. As such the citizens’ bill “in defence of Christians”, which envisages the elimination of these criteria and the introduction of a protection of religious freedom, deserves recognition.
{"title":"Criminal law protection of religious freedom amid contemporary challenges and threats","authors":"Marcin Warchoł","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.1328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1328","url":null,"abstract":"Religious freedom is of fundamental significance among human rights, because it reaches beyond the temporal. It derives from human dignity. The European Court of Human Rights infers from Article 9 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (religious freedom) an obligation for states to provide legalprotection to religious communities and their members as well as objects of religious worship. Criminal law instruments for the protection of religious freedom are accordingly permissible. The paper presents 12 European national legislations that contain relevant criminal law regulations. They provide for punishment for violating the order of religious services and rites, objects of religious worship, as well as religious dogma and doctrine. These approaches are compared to Polish provisions in this respect. A comparative legal analysis has revealed that Poland has significantly weaker protection of religious acts, as well as objects and sites of religious devotion, compared to other countries’ legal systems. This lower standard of protection at the legislative level is confirmed in the adjudicatory practice of Polish courts. Crime criteria stipulated in Articles 194 and 195 of Poland’s Criminal Code, such as the “malicious” character of the perpetrator’s behaviour required for punishment for disrupting or “offending religious feelings”, as a condition for being held culpable for insulting an object of religious worship or site designated for the public performance of religious rites, ensure in effect the impunity of the perpetrators of these deeds. Their adjudicatory interpretation tends to grant those manifesting their hostility to religious faith and doctrine the right to disturb religious services and insult objects of religious devotion. As such the citizens’ bill “in defence of Christians”, which envisages the elimination of these criteria and the introduction of a protection of religious freedom, deserves recognition.","PeriodicalId":34028,"journal":{"name":"Probacja","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.1440
Natalia Czymerska, A. Gaworska-Krzemińska, Agnieszka Zimmermann
Introduction: Practicing the profession of a nurse is associated with the acquisition of the ability to recognize the conditions and health needs of the patient, as well as its care problems. This requires graduates to obtain the appropriate competences and a proper process of professional adaptation. This is particularly important in hospital penitentiary units, where prisoners constitute a specific group of patients. At the stage of onboarding in specific conditions mentoring can effectively help. Mentoring is relationship between an older and a younger professional, intended to develop the potential in the student and allowing him to integrate into the profession. Aim of the study: The aim of the work was to get to know the opinions and views of professionally active nurses on mentoring in nursing and the factors influencing it. Methods and material of research: The research material consisted of survey answers from 206 professionally active nurses. To carry out the study, the diagnostic survey method, the survey technique and the author's questionnaire were used. The research was conducted from January to April 2023.Results: Introduction of a mentoring program in a given medical facility would encourage nurses to stay longer. For nurses, an important aspect is the appointment of a Mentor during the period of professional adaptation which would translate into better implementation of newly recruited employees. Younger nurses with shorter tenure were covered longer period of adaptation than older nurses, who in most cases were not covered by this process at all. Conclusions: The survey conducted in a group of professionally active nurses showed the need to support their professional development, especially at the beginning of their professional careers by introducing mentoring and the position of a Clinical Mentor. The majority of nurses indicated the need for such a program and willingness to participate. In their opinion, it would contribute to the improvement of clinical practice,increasing patient safety and reducing the risk of professional burnout.
{"title":"The importance of mentoring in the process of professional adaptation","authors":"Natalia Czymerska, A. Gaworska-Krzemińska, Agnieszka Zimmermann","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.1440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1440","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Practicing the profession of a nurse is associated with the acquisition of the ability to recognize the conditions and health needs of the patient, as well as its care problems. This requires graduates to obtain the appropriate competences and a proper process of professional adaptation. This is particularly important in hospital penitentiary units, where prisoners constitute a specific group of patients. At the stage of onboarding in specific conditions mentoring can effectively help. Mentoring is relationship between an older and a younger professional, intended to develop the potential in the student and allowing him to integrate into the profession. Aim of the study: The aim of the work was to get to know the opinions and views of professionally active nurses on mentoring in nursing and the factors influencing it. Methods and material of research: The research material consisted of survey answers from 206 professionally active nurses. To carry out the study, the diagnostic survey method, the survey technique and the author's questionnaire were used. The research was conducted from January to April 2023.Results: Introduction of a mentoring program in a given medical facility would encourage nurses to stay longer. For nurses, an important aspect is the appointment of a Mentor during the period of professional adaptation which would translate into better implementation of newly recruited employees. Younger nurses with shorter tenure were covered longer period of adaptation than older nurses, who in most cases were not covered by this process at all. Conclusions: The survey conducted in a group of professionally active nurses showed the need to support their professional development, especially at the beginning of their professional careers by introducing mentoring and the position of a Clinical Mentor. The majority of nurses indicated the need for such a program and willingness to participate. In their opinion, it would contribute to the improvement of clinical practice,increasing patient safety and reducing the risk of professional burnout.","PeriodicalId":34028,"journal":{"name":"Probacja","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.1341
Jędrzej Dzięgielewski, Iga Barczak, Barbara Dalkowska, Artur Furga
Recommendation: The paper provides a new perspective on issues related to intravitreal injections in the context of incarcerated patients, taking into account specific challenges, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and the awareness that complications associated with this procedure can pose a much greater challenge for both the staff and the patient. Objective: To examine and present scientific knowledge and its relevance to the treatment of incarcerated patients. Materials and Methods: Review of available literature using PubMed and Google Scholar platforms. Results and Conclusions: Bacterial infections of the intraocular chambers are serious complications of intravitreal injections, with Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus, being the main etiological factor. Faster development of infections in the case of Streptococcus viridans, which may result in advanced visual impairment. Animal studies reveal the pathomechanisms of retinal damage, expanding the perspectives on treatment and prevention. Potential neuroprotective effects of the fusion of elastin-like peptide (ELP) with αB-crystallin. Significant positive impact of wearing protective masks and maintaining silence during the procedure.Implications: Identified complications and pathogenetic mechanisms constitute a significant contribution to understanding this subject matter, which can be valuable for medical practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers involved in healthcare in correctional facilities.
建议：本文从一个新的视角探讨了在监禁患者的情况下进行玻璃体内注射的相关问题，考虑到了具体的挑战、跨学科合作的必要性，并认识到与该程序相关的并发症可能会对工作人员和患者构成更大的挑战。目标：研究并介绍科学知识及其与监禁患者治疗的相关性。材料和方法：使用 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 平台查阅现有文献。结果和结论：眼腔内细菌感染是玻璃体内注射的严重并发症，革兰氏阳性菌，尤其是葡萄球菌是主要的致病因素。病毒性链球菌的感染发展更快，可能导致晚期视力损伤。动物研究揭示了视网膜损伤的病理机制，拓展了治疗和预防的视野。弹性蛋白样肽（ELP）与αB-晶体蛋白融合的潜在神经保护作用。在手术过程中佩戴防护面罩和保持安静具有显著的积极影响：已确定的并发症和致病机制为了解这一主题做出了重要贡献，对医疗从业人员、研究人员和参与惩教机构医疗保健工作的决策者很有价值。
{"title":"Intravitreal injections in the context of incarcerated patients","authors":"Jędrzej Dzięgielewski, Iga Barczak, Barbara Dalkowska, Artur Furga","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1341","url":null,"abstract":"Recommendation: The paper provides a new perspective on issues related to intravitreal injections in the context of incarcerated patients, taking into account specific challenges, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and the awareness that complications associated with this procedure can pose a much greater challenge for both the staff and the patient. Objective: To examine and present scientific knowledge and its relevance to the treatment of incarcerated patients. Materials and Methods: Review of available literature using PubMed and Google Scholar platforms. Results and Conclusions: Bacterial infections of the intraocular chambers are serious complications of intravitreal injections, with Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus, being the main etiological factor. Faster development of infections in the case of Streptococcus viridans, which may result in advanced visual impairment. Animal studies reveal the pathomechanisms of retinal damage, expanding the perspectives on treatment and prevention. Potential neuroprotective effects of the fusion of elastin-like peptide (ELP) with αB-crystallin. Significant positive impact of wearing protective masks and maintaining silence during the procedure.Implications: Identified complications and pathogenetic mechanisms constitute a significant contribution to understanding this subject matter, which can be valuable for medical practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers involved in healthcare in correctional facilities.","PeriodicalId":34028,"journal":{"name":"Probacja","volume":"366 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.0967
Andrzej Dana, Marcin Jurgilewicz
The subject of the analysis in the article is the institution of enterprise forfeiture (Article 44a of the Act of June 6, 1997, Penal Code), which is the state's criminal law response to the crime committed by the perpetrator. The normative structure of the title institution expresses the presumption that through the enterprise, the perpetrator obtained, even indirectly, a financial benefit of significant value. In turn, in the context of criminal proceedings, this institution introduces an exception in the method of proof, which is based on the rule of onus probandi (burden of proof). The legal exegesis on the forfeiture of an enterprise carried out in the study indicates that this institution is a breach in the process of proof based on the onus probandi rule in favor of the presumption that the enterprise and its components are the result of a crime and illegal benefits that the perpetrator obtained by committing a prohibited act. Therefore, the study posed a research question about the shape of the proof process based on the norm of Art. 44a of the Penal Code.
{"title":"Forfission of an enterprise and the burd of proof in criminal process","authors":"Andrzej Dana, Marcin Jurgilewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.0967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0967","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the analysis in the article is the institution of enterprise forfeiture (Article 44a of the Act of June 6, 1997, Penal Code), which is the state's criminal law response to the crime committed by the perpetrator. The normative structure of the title institution expresses the presumption that through the enterprise, the perpetrator obtained, even indirectly, a financial benefit of significant value. In turn, in the context of criminal proceedings, this institution introduces an exception in the method of proof, which is based on the rule of onus probandi (burden of proof). The legal exegesis on the forfeiture of an enterprise carried out in the study indicates that this institution is a breach in the process of proof based on the onus probandi rule in favor of the presumption that the enterprise and its components are the result of a crime and illegal benefits that the perpetrator obtained by committing a prohibited act. Therefore, the study posed a research question about the shape of the proof process based on the norm of Art. 44a of the Penal Code.","PeriodicalId":34028,"journal":{"name":"Probacja","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.0073
Justyna Stasiołek
The article treats about problem of special protection which is dedicated to convict taking part in criminal proceedings as witness, suspect, accused or aggrieved and due to this position there exists serious threat or immediate concern of serious threat to his life or health. Such kind of protection is connected with fact that the person covered by it, may be attacked or threatened by others who are afraid of being in worse position in leading criminal cases or beig accused of any offence. The analyzes performed in the text prove that regulation of article 88d of Polish Executive Penal Code is complicated, leads to unequal treatment of convicts and basically duplicates the existing regulations in convict’s protection. It is proposed to remove the article 88d from Polish Executive Penal Code.
{"title":"Basics of improving special protection for convicted persons – critical remarks","authors":"Justyna Stasiołek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0073","url":null,"abstract":"The article treats about problem of special protection which is dedicated to convict taking part in criminal proceedings as witness, suspect, accused or aggrieved and due to this position there exists serious threat or immediate concern of serious threat to his life or health. Such kind of protection is connected with fact that the person covered by it, may be attacked or threatened by others who are afraid of being in worse position in leading criminal cases or beig accused of any offence. The analyzes performed in the text prove that regulation of article 88d of Polish Executive Penal Code is complicated, leads to unequal treatment of convicts and basically duplicates the existing regulations in convict’s protection. It is proposed to remove the article 88d from Polish Executive Penal Code.","PeriodicalId":34028,"journal":{"name":"Probacja","volume":"39 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.0070
T. Oczkowski, Igor Zgoliński
This article concerns fiscal penal liability against the background of the misdemeanor of firmanism. The authors argue that the so-called pillars in fraudulent tax schemes are primarily people cooperating in the tax fraud of others. They act as helpers. On the other hand, the mere fact that this type of activity materialises only the elements of Article 55 of the k.k.s., although formally correct, is incomplete. The essence of the conduct of the entire criminal group, including the so-called pillars, is to commit tax fraud in the form of acts penalised in Article 54 of the k.k.s. or in Article 56 of the k.k.s.
{"title":"Firmant and the problem of identifying a taxpayer in an organized criminal group","authors":"T. Oczkowski, Igor Zgoliński","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0070","url":null,"abstract":"This article concerns fiscal penal liability against the background of the misdemeanor of firmanism. The authors argue that the so-called pillars in fraudulent tax schemes are primarily people cooperating in the tax fraud of others. They act as helpers. On the other hand, the mere fact that this type of activity materialises only the elements of Article 55 of the k.k.s., although formally correct, is incomplete. The essence of the conduct of the entire criminal group, including the so-called pillars, is to commit tax fraud in the form of acts penalised in Article 54 of the k.k.s. or in Article 56 of the k.k.s.","PeriodicalId":34028,"journal":{"name":"Probacja","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.0866
Jacek Grela
The Polish legal system, despite the fact that it consists of a number of separate branches, in many situations these fields intermingle. The crux of the problem lies in the possibility of using legal institutions by a particular branch of law, systemically assigned to another of them. The conducted interpretation of Article 46 1 of the Criminal Code and the analysis of the statements of the science of law and the judicature lead to the conclusion that the concept of „application of civil law” on the grounds of this regulation is not limited to only a few provisions of the Civil Code, but orders to take into account a wide variety of legal solutions. In addition, the current construction of the compensation measure in question leads to the thesis that criminal courts should fully and definitively adjudicate on the obligation to repair the damage caused by the crime or to compensate for the harm suffered.
{"title":"Compensatory measure in the form of adjudication of the obligation to repair damage or compensation – civil law analysis","authors":"Jacek Grela","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.0866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0866","url":null,"abstract":"The Polish legal system, despite the fact that it consists of a number of separate branches, in many situations these fields intermingle. The crux of the problem lies in the possibility of using legal institutions by a particular branch of law, systemically assigned to another of them. The conducted interpretation of Article 46 1 of the Criminal Code and the analysis of the statements of the science of law and the judicature lead to the conclusion that the concept of „application of civil law” on the grounds of this regulation is not limited to only a few provisions of the Civil Code, but orders to take into account a wide variety of legal solutions. In addition, the current construction of the compensation measure in question leads to the thesis that criminal courts should fully and definitively adjudicate on the obligation to repair the damage caused by the crime or to compensate for the harm suffered.","PeriodicalId":34028,"journal":{"name":"Probacja","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.0072
Joanna Narodowska
The subject of the study is the illegal market for companion animals in Poland. This issue falls within the scope of a paradigm in criminology referred to as “green criminology”. The subject undertaken in the study is part of the social discourse on the legal protection of pet animals. The work is of innovative nature, as the phenomenon of the illegal companion animal market has not been the subject of criminological research in the Polish literature. The research might have an implication dimension and can contribute to setting the direction of criminal policy in the area of green crime. The aim of the study is to depict the phenomenon of the illegal companion animal market in Poland, to determine whether organized criminal groups are involved in illegal practices, to determine the structure of crime, and to analyze the legal regulations in terms of their effectiveness. The results of the research might be helpful in identifying areas of importance for countering pathologies in the animal market.
{"title":"Organized forms of crime in the companion animals market – criminological study","authors":"Joanna Narodowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0072","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the study is the illegal market for companion animals in Poland. This issue falls within the scope of a paradigm in criminology referred to as “green criminology”. The subject undertaken in the study is part of the social discourse on the legal protection of pet animals. The work is of innovative nature, as the phenomenon of the illegal companion animal market has not been the subject of criminological research in the Polish literature. The research might have an implication dimension and can contribute to setting the direction of criminal policy in the area of green crime. The aim of the study is to depict the phenomenon of the illegal companion animal market in Poland, to determine whether organized criminal groups are involved in illegal practices, to determine the structure of crime, and to analyze the legal regulations in terms of their effectiveness. The results of the research might be helpful in identifying areas of importance for countering pathologies in the animal market.","PeriodicalId":34028,"journal":{"name":"Probacja","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.0071
Jarosław Utrat-Milecki
The article analyses the socio cultural conditions of the creation of probation centers for juveniles in Polish juvenile courts, the reforms of those centres in the context of socio cultural and methodological changes in proceedings with juveniles and indicates the arguments justifing their future functioning and development.
{"title":"Culturally intetrated analysis of socio-legal context of creation and development of probation centres for juveniles","authors":"Jarosław Utrat-Milecki","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0071","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the socio cultural conditions of the creation of probation centers for juveniles in Polish juvenile courts, the reforms of those centres in the context of socio cultural and methodological changes in proceedings with juveniles and indicates the arguments justifing their future functioning and development.","PeriodicalId":34028,"journal":{"name":"Probacja","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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