Uterine arteriovenous malformations: a life threatening emergency in women

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) refers to an anomalous, non-functional connection between uterine arteries and veins, potentially posing life-threatening risks due to profuse bleeding. AVM involves the growth of arterial and venous channels, fistula formation, and a combination of capillary-like vessels. This case series sheds light on our institution's experience in diagnosing and managing women with this rare gynecological condition. This retrospective study examined cases of uterine arteriovenous malformation in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at RIMS, Ranchi. All three cases presented with heavy vaginal bleeding. One case had a history of medically induced abortion followed by suction and evacuation. Ultrasound color Doppler confirmed the diagnosis. One patient underwent uterine artery embolization using selective coil and foam agents, while two patients opted for hysterectomy. Two of the cases had a history of previous caesarean sections. Uterine AVM should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis in cases presenting with bleeding after abortion or curettage. The aim of reporting these cases is to highlight the common presentation of this condition and aid in its diagnosis and management.