社交虚拟现实对认知的影响:虚拟同伴的受众效应和单纯存在效应

IF 4.3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI:10.1155/2023/6677789
Olga Sutskova, Atsushi Senju, Tim J. Smith
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引用次数: 0

摘要

与他人分享体验是日常生活的重要组成部分。沉浸式虚拟现实(IVR)有望模拟这些体验。然而,IVR 是否能引起与现实世界中类似的社会存在感还不清楚。此外,人工智能驱动的虚拟人(代理)是否能像人驱动的虚拟人(虚拟化身)一样,激发出类似水平的有意义的社会共在,这一点也不确定。目前的研究表明,这两种虚拟人类型都能对社交伙伴产生认知影响。本实验通过测量社交促进效应(SFE),测试了参与者在虚拟社交伙伴面前的认知表现变化。与 SFE 相关的表现变化可以通过与他人的共同在场相关的警觉机制(即单纯在场效应(MPE))或与他人的监督相关的声誉管理机制(即观众效应(AE))发生。在本研究中,我们假设 AE 和 MPE 是激发 SFE 的不同机制。首先,我们预测,如果头戴式 IVR 能够模拟足够的共同在场,那么任何社交同伴的视觉存在都会通过 MPE 引起 SFE。结果表明,无论人工智能还是人类驱动,同伴的存在都会降低参与者的表现。其次,我们预测由人类驱动而非人工智能驱动的同伴的监控会通过 AE 引起 SFE。结果表明,与人工智能驱动相比,由人类驱动的同伴的监测对参与者的表现影响更大,在准确性方面略有下降,而在反应时间方面则有明显下降。我们讨论了目前的结果如何解释之前虚拟世界中的SFE研究结果,并描绘了社交IVR测试的未来考虑因素,如参与者的虚拟自我存在以及物理和IVR测试环境的承受能力。
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Cognitive Impact of Social Virtual Reality: Audience and Mere Presence Effect of Virtual Companions
Sharing experiences with others is an important part of everyday life. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) promises to simulate these experiences. However, whether IVR elicits a similar level of social presence as measured in the real world is unclear. It is also uncertain whether AI-driven virtual humans (agents) can elicit a similar level of meaningful social copresence as people-driven virtual-humans (avatars). The current study demonstrates that both virtual human types can elicit a cognitive impact on a social partner. The current experiment tested participants’ cognitive performance changes in the presence of virtual social partners by measuring the social facilitation effect (SFE). The SFE-related performance change can occur through either vigilance-based mechanisms related to other people’s copresence (known as the mere presence effect (MPE)) or reputation management mechanisms related to other people’s monitoring (the audience effect (AE)). In this study, we hypothesised AE and MPE as distinct mechanisms of eliciting SFE. Firstly, we predicted that, if head-mounted IVR can simulate sufficient copresence, any social companion’s visual presence would elicit SFE through MPE. The results demonstrated that companion presence decreased participants’ performance irrespective of whether AI or human-driven. Secondly, we predicted that monitoring by a human-driven, but not an AI-driven, companion would elicit SFE through AE. The results demonstrated that monitoring by a human-driven companion affected participant performance more than AI-driven, worsening performance marginally in accuracy and significantly in reaction times. We discuss how the current results explain the findings in prior SFE in virtual-world literature and map out future considerations for social-IVR testing, such as participants’ virtual self-presence and affordances of physical and IVR testing environments.
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来源期刊
Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies
Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies Social Sciences-Social Sciences (all)
CiteScore
17.20
自引率
8.70%
发文量
73
期刊介绍: Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies is an interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing high-impact research that enhances understanding of the complex interactions between diverse human behavior and emerging digital technologies.
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