管理柑橘腐烂病的新型抗菌剂和植物防御诱导剂

IF 3.5 Q1 AGRONOMY Frontiers in Agronomy Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI:10.3389/fagro.2023.1292624
S. Kunwar, A. Redondo, D. Manker, Meagan Iott, T. Knobloch, S. Brunet, J. Dufour, O. Batuman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

二十多年来,佛罗里达州的柑橘种植者一直在大量使用铜喷雾剂来防治柑橘腐烂病(柑橘黄单胞菌亚种;Xcc),但这增加了产生抗性菌株和在土壤中过度积累的风险。需要采用替代方法来减少对铜的依赖并更好地管理 Xcc。因此,我们在温室中的幼苗和美国佛罗里达州一个商业林中的成龄树上筛选了铜替代产品来防治腐烂病。在温室中,我们评估了在柑橘腐烂病病菌 Xcc(104 CFU/ml)注射渗透前两天对两年树龄的瓦伦西亚树单次叶面喷施新的植物防御诱导剂(PDI)"PDI5"、"PDI26 "和 "PDI31 "以及市售的系统获得性抗性诱导剂 Actigard(淋洗剂;2 克/棵树)的功效。在温室中,喷洒浓度为 500 ppm 的所有三种 PDI 和 Actigard(淋洗)都能有效降低接种叶片的腐烂严重程度(P ≤0.02)。在小树林中,我们测试了新的抗菌剂 Mastercop 'MC'(五水硫酸铜 21.46%;金属铜当量 5.4%),浓度分别为 1.12 千克/公顷、1.68 千克/公顷和 2.24 千克/公顷;'AM',浓度分别为 1.68 千克/公顷和 2.24 千克/公顷;以及营养液(AGRO-MOS),浓度为 1.12 千克/公顷,用于抑制 4-6 年树龄的哈姆林树的腐烂病。Kocide 2000(种植者标准对照;金属铜当量 30%;3.92 千克/公顷)用作对照检查。虽然 2021 年由于春季田间相对干燥,不利于柑橘腐烂病的发生,但我们的结果表明,在 2022 年喷洒六次 AM(2.24 千克/公顷)或 MC(1.68 千克/公顷和 2.24 千克/公顷),能很好地控制 Xcc,显著降低叶片和果实的发病率以及果实的病害严重程度,与 Kocide 2000 相似。研究结果表明,抗菌剂、AM 和 MC 以及植物防御诱导剂 PDI5、PDI26 和 PDI31 可以作为虫害综合防治(IPM)计划的一部分,与铜一起用于防治柑橘腐烂病。减少铜的施用次数和用量有助于降低杀虫剂和施用费用,降低土壤中铜积聚的风险和对柑橘树的毒性,并减少出现抗铜 Xcc 菌株的风险。需要对这些产品进行进一步研究,以评估其长期有效性和潜在的环境风险。
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New antimicrobials and plant defense inducers for managing citrus canker disease
For over two decades, Florida citrus growers have been heavily using copper sprays to combat citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri; Xcc), but it raises the risk of developing resistant bacterial strains and excessive accumulation in the soil. Alternative methods are needed to reduce copper dependency and better manage Xcc. Therefore, we screened copper-alternative products against canker on young seedlings in the greenhouse and mature trees in a commercial grove in Florida, USA. In the greenhouse, we evaluated the efficacy of single foliar application of new plant defense inducers (PDI), ‘PDI5’, ‘PDI26’, and ‘PDI31’, and a commercially available systemic acquired resistance inducer, Actigard (drench; 2g/tree), applied two days before injection-infiltration with citrus canker bacterium Xcc (104 CFU/ml), on two-year-old Valencia trees. All three PDIs, sprayed at 500 ppm, as well as Actigard (drench), effectively reduced canker severity on the inoculated leaves in the greenhouse (P ≤0.02). In the grove, we tested new antimicrobials, Mastercop ‘MC’ (21.46% copper sulfate pentahydrate; metallic copper equivalent 5.4%) at concentrations of 1.12 kg/ha, 1.68 kg/ha and 2.24 kg/ha, ‘AM’ at 1.68 kg/ha and 2.24 kg/ha, and a nutrient solution (AGRO-MOS) at 1.12 kg/ha for canker suppression on 4–6-year-old Hamlin trees. Kocide 2000 (growers’ standard control; metallic copper equivalent 30%; 3.92 kg/ha) was used as a control check. Although 2021 was not as conducive for citrus canker due to the relatively dry spring months in the field, our results showed that the six sprays of AM (2.24 kg/ha) or MC (1.68 kg/ha, and 2.24 kg/ha), in 2022, provided excellent control of Xcc, with a significant reduction in disease incidence in leaves and fruits, and disease severity in fruits, similar to Kocide 2000. The results indicate that antimicrobials, AM and MC, and plant defense inducers PDI5, PDI26, and PDI31 can be part of an integrated pest management (IPM) program with copper for managing citrus canker. Reducing the frequency and amount of copper applications can help reduce pesticide and application expenses, lower risks of copper buildup in the soil and toxicity for citrus trees and reduce the risk of the emergence of copper-resistant Xcc strains. Further research on these products is needed to assess their long-term effectiveness and potential environmental risks.
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Agronomy
Frontiers in Agronomy Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
123
审稿时长
13 weeks
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