Tondo as a mythic urban space in real and reel: The Tondeños’ point of view

This research locates heroism in a cultural context and offers insights into the Filipino concept. It introduces the "FPJ Hero Arc," a novel framework for analyzing cinematic heroic performances that is applicable to both Philippine and non-Philippine contexts. This framework draws from Edward Soja's Trialectics of Being and André Bazin's Cinematic Realism. Through in-depth interviews, the researcher explored how Tondeños perceive their personal and communal identity in Tondo and its representation in cinema. The portrayal of Tondo as a place of danger and poverty reflects the real experiences of its inhabitants. It is seen as challenging yet resilient, shaping values such as pakikisama (harmony) and katapangan (courage). For Tondeños, Tondo and the late Filipino actor Fernando Poe, Jr. (FPJ) symbolize Filipino identity. Tondo is a reminder of the challenges faced by Filipinos, while FPJ symbolizes hope and inspiration. This message of hope and empowerment resonated with Tondeños and helped them overcome the challenges of their daily lives. Meanwhile, the construction of FPJ as a hero reflects the people's need for a protector; he embodies Tondo's best qualities: courage, righteousness, and willingness to help those in need. The study emphasizes addressing real problems with practical solutions, recognizing the role of fictional heroes like FPJ's characters in inspiring communal success in addressing societal challenges.