Detection and Clinical Significance of Th17/Treg Cell-Related Factors in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To investigate the detection of Th17/Treg cell-related factors in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its clinical significance. Methods: In this study, a retrospective cohort research method was used to collect the clinical data of 42 patients who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University and received the diagnosis of GDM from January 2018 to December 2022, as well as 42 patients with normal pregnancies during the same period. The Th17/Treg expression levels and metabolism-related indexes in the peripheral blood of patients were detected by radioimmunoassay. Results: The relative expression of Th17 in the serum of patients in the GDM group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the level of Treg was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the levels of FBG, FINS, 2hBG, TC, TG and HOMA-IR of the patients in the GDM group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and the level of HOMA-β was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The imbalance of the Th17/Treg cell ratio in patients with GDM may be related to their disease progression and prognosis, providing new ideas and strategies for the clinical treatment of GDM.