波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那康尤山的疗伤植物群

S. Huseinović, Elma Ahmetović, Sanida Bektić, Samela Selimović, Senad Memić
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摘要

康居山的景观具有极高的美学价值,在生物、地貌和水文方面具有显著的多样性。这一点与其文化历史遗产、宗教和传统价值相结合,为教育、生态旅游和体育休闲旅游活动以及游客娱乐和经济活动的发展奠定了基础。孔朱山位于波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那东北部,与奥兹伦山、亚沃尔山和亚沃尔尼克山一起,构成了周边(较高)山脉链的一部分,与特雷巴瓦茨山和马耶维察山一起,代表了从迪纳拉山系向广阔的潘诺尼亚平原的过渡。该山的平均海拔为 1000 米。图兹拉州政府已通过一项法律,宣布面积达 8016 公顷的康居山部分地区为波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那文化遗产。 这项研究的目的是系统地清点三个市(Kladanj、Živinice 和 Banovići)不同海拔(从 560 米到 1100 米)的 Konjuh 山七个地点的药用植物物种,根据分类学和生态学属性对药用植物物种进行分类,并建立植物生态学实地记录。 研究期间,确定了 109 种药用植物,包括濒危和特有物种。康居山药用植物科的分类结构显示,该地区共有 43 个科,其中最具代表性的是唇形科,占 13.76%;菊科,占 11.92%;豆科,占 7.33%;车前草科,占 5.50%。药用植物群的植物地理分析确定了 11 个区域类型和群组。对所有栖息地植物区系的生物谱分析表明,存在六种主要的生命形式类型,其中半隐生植物(H)占主导地位,有 59 种。
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The Healing Flora of Konjuh Mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The mountain of Konjuh is characterized by a landscape of high aesthetic value with significant diversity in biological, geomorphological, and hydrological aspects. This, combined with its cultural-historical heritage, religious and traditional values, provides the foundation for educational, ecotourism, and sports-recreational tourism activities, as well as for visitor enjoyment and the development of economic activities. Located in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Konjuh, along with Ozren, Javor, and Javornik, forms part of the chain of peripheral (higher) mountains, which, together with Trebavac and Majevica, represent the transition from the Dinaric mountain system to the vast Pannonian plain. The average elevation of the mountain is 1,000 meters. The Tuzla Canton government has passed a law declaring a portion of Konjuh Mountain, covering an area of 8,016 hectares, as a Cultural Heritage site of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study was to systematically inventory medicinal plant species at seven sites on Konjuh Mountain in three municipalities (Kladanj, Živinice, and Banovići) at different altitudes (from 560 to 1,100 meters), classify medicinal plant species based on taxonomic and ecological attributes, and create phytocenological field records. During the research, 109 medicinal plant species were identified, including endangered and endemic species. The taxonomic structure of the families of medicinal plants on Konjuh Mountain revealed the presence of 43 families, with the most represented being representatives of the Lamiaceae family at 13.76%, Asteraceae at 11.92%, Fabaceae at 7.33%, and Plantaginaceae at 5.50%. A phytogeographical analysis of the medicinal plant flora identified 11 areal types and groups. An analysis of the biological spectrum of flora in all habitats indicates the presence of six primary life form types, with hemicryptophytes (H) being dominant, accounting for 59 species.
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