Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3648
G. Á. Fuentes, J. C. García López, J. A. R. Huerta, H. A. L. Rangel, L. O. N. Sánchez, R. L. Ortiz
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the yield, digestibility, and protein content of nine varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The varieties of alfalfa were compared during a complete production cycle. A completely randomized design was used taking into account the season of the year as a block and the varieties as treatment, a Tukey test was used to evaluate differences between treatments. The highest dry matter (DM) production was in the summer, with Atlixco variety being the highest yield (1953.3 kg DM cut-1), the ratio leaf:stalk (L:S) was highest during the winter, with no differences (p>0.05) between varieties. The varieties with highest protein content (PC) was Caliverde and Valenciana (22.9 % PC) during the winter (p<0.05). The highest digestibility was in the summer and there were no differences between varieties. The higher amount of digestible dry matter (DDM) and PC were produced by Valenciana (1586.7 kg DDM cut-1 and 446.7 kg PC cut-1), UC-Cibola (1557.0 kg DDM cut-1 and 432.3 kg PC cut-1) and Atlixco (1549 kg DDM cut-1 and 441.1 kg PC cut-1). The highest dry matter production was during the summer and spring, the three most productive varieties were Valenciana, Atlixco and UC-Cibola, and therefore these are the most suitable varieties for the best quality forage production in the region of study.
{"title":"Agronomic Yield, Digestibility, and Protein Content of Nine Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Varieties in Central Valley Oaxaca Mexico","authors":"G. Á. Fuentes, J. C. García López, J. A. R. Huerta, H. A. L. Rangel, L. O. N. Sánchez, R. L. Ortiz","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3648","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the yield, digestibility, and protein content of nine varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The varieties of alfalfa were compared during a complete production cycle. A completely randomized design was used taking into account the season of the year as a block and the varieties as treatment, a Tukey test was used to evaluate differences between treatments. The highest dry matter (DM) production was in the summer, with Atlixco variety being the highest yield (1953.3 kg DM cut-1), the ratio leaf:stalk (L:S) was highest during the winter, with no differences (p>0.05) between varieties. The varieties with highest protein content (PC) was Caliverde and Valenciana (22.9 % PC) during the winter (p<0.05). The highest digestibility was in the summer and there were no differences between varieties. The higher amount of digestible dry matter (DDM) and PC were produced by Valenciana (1586.7 kg DDM cut-1 and 446.7 kg PC cut-1), UC-Cibola (1557.0 kg DDM cut-1 and 432.3 kg PC cut-1) and Atlixco (1549 kg DDM cut-1 and 441.1 kg PC cut-1). The highest dry matter production was during the summer and spring, the three most productive varieties were Valenciana, Atlixco and UC-Cibola, and therefore these are the most suitable varieties for the best quality forage production in the region of study.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"65 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3647
Kimani Ck, Kisangau Dp, Owuor Ma
The degradation of riparian ecosystems threatens the livelihoods of communities that depend on these socio-ecological systems (SES) for their well-being. This is because; riparian ecosystems provide ecosystem services like fodder, timber, soil development, water regulation and habitat for wildlife. The riparian ecosystem in Kenya's Eastern Semi-Arid Region is one of the affected zones and information is required to understand the causes therein. This case study focussed on the Kaiti River in Makueni County to analyse the socio-economic factors leading to its riparian degradation. Data was collected between September 2018 to March 2019 using questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and photographs. To analyse the data, SPSS version 26 interface with regression and correlation analysis was used to analyse the causes of riparian ecosystem degradation along the river. Crop farming was found to be a leading cause of degradation (R-Square =0.849, F (1, 99) =9.4495, p-value=0.0003<0.05) showing that farming accounts for 84.9% of the variations in degradation of River Kaiti riparian ecosystem. A calculated beta value implied that a unit raise in crop farming would lead to a rise in the degradation of the River Kaiti riparian ecosystem by 0.782 (p-value=0.001<0.05). The results of the study also revealed that livestock farming (R-Square =0.615, β=0.211, p-value =0.002≤0.05), lack of riparian conservation awareness (R-Square =0.573, β=-0.757, p-value= 0.002<0.05) and Commercial sand harvesting R-Square=0.659, β=0.205, p value=0.000<0.05) significantly contribute to River Kaiti riparian ecosystem degradation. Other causes significantly contributing to degradation (R-Square =0.520, β=0.212, p-value=0.001≤0.05,) were poor natural resource governance, poverty, poor infrastructure, climate change and land use changes. The study concludes that awareness creation and control of human activity in the Kaiti riparian zone would significantly reduce riparian ecosystem degradation. A multi-stakeholder approach whereby the community takes centre stage in monitoring and implementing riparian conservation measures is recommended.
{"title":"Socio Economic Factors Contributing to Riparian Ecosystem Degradation along Kaiti River in Makueni County","authors":"Kimani Ck, Kisangau Dp, Owuor Ma","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3647","url":null,"abstract":"The degradation of riparian ecosystems threatens the livelihoods of communities that depend on these socio-ecological systems (SES) for their well-being. This is because; riparian ecosystems provide ecosystem services like fodder, timber, soil development, water regulation and habitat for wildlife. The riparian ecosystem in Kenya's Eastern Semi-Arid Region is one of the affected zones and information is required to understand the causes therein. This case study focussed on the Kaiti River in Makueni County to analyse the socio-economic factors leading to its riparian degradation. Data was collected between September 2018 to March 2019 using questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and photographs. To analyse the data, SPSS version 26 interface with regression and correlation analysis was used to analyse the causes of riparian ecosystem degradation along the river. Crop farming was found to be a leading cause of degradation (R-Square =0.849, F (1, 99) =9.4495, p-value=0.0003<0.05) showing that farming accounts for 84.9% of the variations in degradation of River Kaiti riparian ecosystem. A calculated beta value implied that a unit raise in crop farming would lead to a rise in the degradation of the River Kaiti riparian ecosystem by 0.782 (p-value=0.001<0.05). The results of the study also revealed that livestock farming (R-Square =0.615, β=0.211, p-value =0.002≤0.05), lack of riparian conservation awareness (R-Square =0.573, β=-0.757, p-value= 0.002<0.05) and Commercial sand harvesting R-Square=0.659, β=0.205, p value=0.000<0.05) significantly contribute to River Kaiti riparian ecosystem degradation. Other causes significantly contributing to degradation (R-Square =0.520, β=0.212, p-value=0.001≤0.05,) were poor natural resource governance, poverty, poor infrastructure, climate change and land use changes. The study concludes that awareness creation and control of human activity in the Kaiti riparian zone would significantly reduce riparian ecosystem degradation. A multi-stakeholder approach whereby the community takes centre stage in monitoring and implementing riparian conservation measures is recommended.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3646
Luka, I., O. A., N. H. L., M. M. J., Mamot, L. P., N. N.
Vector control is a critical element of malaria control programs in Africa. To reduce human exposure to infective Anopheles mosquitoes, most programs rely on methods that kill adult mosquitoes. Therefore, the study on the distribution and abundance of Anopheles larvae in Toro Local Government Area (LGA.), Bauchi State, North-East Nigeria was carried out in July 2013. Five villages were randomly selected for the collection of Anopheles larvae. A total of 988 Anopheles larvae were collected from five habitat types. The paddy habitat recorded the highest abundance of 494(50%) while the canal habitat had the least abundance 53(5.36 %). The mean abundance of Anopheles larvae in relation to gradients of larval habitat to houses showed no significant difference (F9 = 0.434, Adjusted R2 = -0.39, P = 0.885). However, there was a significant difference (F14 = 9.18, Adjusted R2 = 0.65, P = 0.001) in the mean abundance of Anopheles larvae in relation to habitat types. The larval abundance in relation to water depths varied significantly (F13 = 29.61, Adjusted R2 = 0.888, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in larval abundance between still and moving waters; light versus shaded water bodies; and clear versus turbid waters, respectively. In conclusion, the inhabitants of Toro LGA should always clear stagnant water bodies so as to hinder mosquitoes breeding success. Also, larval source management should focus more on paddy habitat in peri-urban agricultural sites when designing intervention programmes in order to control mosquitoes’ larvae.
{"title":"Diversity of Anopheles Larvae in Toro Local Government Area, Bauchi State, North-East Nigeria","authors":"Luka, I., O. A., N. H. L., M. M. J., Mamot, L. P., N. N.","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3646","url":null,"abstract":"Vector control is a critical element of malaria control programs in Africa. To reduce human exposure to infective Anopheles mosquitoes, most programs rely on methods that kill adult mosquitoes. Therefore, the study on the distribution and abundance of Anopheles larvae in Toro Local Government Area (LGA.), Bauchi State, North-East Nigeria was carried out in July 2013. Five villages were randomly selected for the collection of Anopheles larvae. A total of 988 Anopheles larvae were collected from five habitat types. The paddy habitat recorded the highest abundance of 494(50%) while the canal habitat had the least abundance 53(5.36 %). The mean abundance of Anopheles larvae in relation to gradients of larval habitat to houses showed no significant difference (F9 = 0.434, Adjusted R2 = -0.39, P = 0.885). However, there was a significant difference (F14 = 9.18, Adjusted R2 = 0.65, P = 0.001) in the mean abundance of Anopheles larvae in relation to habitat types. The larval abundance in relation to water depths varied significantly (F13 = 29.61, Adjusted R2 = 0.888, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in larval abundance between still and moving waters; light versus shaded water bodies; and clear versus turbid waters, respectively. In conclusion, the inhabitants of Toro LGA should always clear stagnant water bodies so as to hinder mosquitoes breeding success. Also, larval source management should focus more on paddy habitat in peri-urban agricultural sites when designing intervention programmes in order to control mosquitoes’ larvae.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"109 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3645
T. Mekonnen, S. Markos, Kibrom Esak, Tesfay Ataklti
The survey was conducted before the war (before October 2020) in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Goats are highly concentrated in the lowland areas than in the highlands of Ethiopia. Sample households of Begait (102), Hassan (106) and Arado (181) goats were randomly involved in the face-to-face interview. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used for data analysis. Illiterate respondents were in Begait (42%), Hassan (29%) and Arado (55%). Cattle and goats were the major economic sources in Begait (10.19±9.1 Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU), 4.30±2.8 TLU) and Arado (4.77±3.2 TLU, 1.27±0.9 TLU) respondents. The mean flock size of Arado goat population (12.65±9.9) was significantly (P<0.005) lower than the mean flock sizes of Begait (43.02±28.1) and Hassan (70.29±52.6) populations. Animals went to water source in most respondents (100.0% of Begait, 67.0% of Hassan and 87% of Arado), and river was the major water source for the animals of about 47% of Begait, 43% of Hassan and 79.0% of Arado respondents. Animals of about 56% of Hassan and 57% of Arado respondents travelled a distance of 1-5 Kilometer (Km) to obtain water, and dry season daily watering frequency of once a day was dominantly practiced in about 88% of Begait and 83% of Hassan respondents. Diseases and external parasites were reported in Begait (96%, 85%), Hassan (98%, 90%) and Arado (67%, 87%) respondents which affected indigenous goat productivity. There was no access to veterinary service centers (VSCs) in about 47% of Begait, 65% of Hassan and 93% of Arado respondents, and some respondents in about 24% of Begait and 17% of Hassan travelled a distance of greater than 10 Km to reach VSCs. Own buck use for mating and buck birth in own flocks were exhibited in Begait (93%, 85%), Hassan (95%, 76%) and Arado (38%, 35%) respondents, respectively. Uncontrolled mating and buck use outside of own flock were practiced in Begait (70%, 73%), Hassan (43%, 65%) and Arado (100.0%, 100.0%) respondents due to most goats graze in communal lands, respectively. Unknown buck to does ratio was practiced in 41% of Begait and 39% of Hassan respondents. Unknown buck to does ratio and a ratio of one buck to all does in the flock were practiced in Arado (8%, 67%) respondents, respectively, and crossbreeding was highly practiced in Begait respondents (41%). The dominant kidding months of Begait and Arado goat populations were in September up to November whilst that of Hassan goat population were in October up to December. Castration and traditional castration method were practiced in Begait (54%, 54%), Hassan (39%, 37%) and Arado (70%, 64%) respondents, respectively. Community education, access to water, access to VSC, buck to doe ratio, kidding pattern improvement and castration to control inbreeding need critical attention.
{"title":"Indigenous Goat Populations in Northwestern and Western Zones of Tigray Region, Ethiopia: Characterization of Major Husbandry Practices and Kidding Patterns","authors":"T. Mekonnen, S. Markos, Kibrom Esak, Tesfay Ataklti","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3645","url":null,"abstract":"The survey was conducted before the war (before October 2020) in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Goats are highly concentrated in the lowland areas than in the highlands of Ethiopia. Sample households of Begait (102), Hassan (106) and Arado (181) goats were randomly involved in the face-to-face interview. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used for data analysis. Illiterate respondents were in Begait (42%), Hassan (29%) and Arado (55%). Cattle and goats were the major economic sources in Begait (10.19±9.1 Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU), 4.30±2.8 TLU) and Arado (4.77±3.2 TLU, 1.27±0.9 TLU) respondents. The mean flock size of Arado goat population (12.65±9.9) was significantly (P<0.005) lower than the mean flock sizes of Begait (43.02±28.1) and Hassan (70.29±52.6) populations. Animals went to water source in most respondents (100.0% of Begait, 67.0% of Hassan and 87% of Arado), and river was the major water source for the animals of about 47% of Begait, 43% of Hassan and 79.0% of Arado respondents. Animals of about 56% of Hassan and 57% of Arado respondents travelled a distance of 1-5 Kilometer (Km) to obtain water, and dry season daily watering frequency of once a day was dominantly practiced in about 88% of Begait and 83% of Hassan respondents. Diseases and external parasites were reported in Begait (96%, 85%), Hassan (98%, 90%) and Arado (67%, 87%) respondents which affected indigenous goat productivity. There was no access to veterinary service centers (VSCs) in about 47% of Begait, 65% of Hassan and 93% of Arado respondents, and some respondents in about 24% of Begait and 17% of Hassan travelled a distance of greater than 10 Km to reach VSCs. Own buck use for mating and buck birth in own flocks were exhibited in Begait (93%, 85%), Hassan (95%, 76%) and Arado (38%, 35%) respondents, respectively. Uncontrolled mating and buck use outside of own flock were practiced in Begait (70%, 73%), Hassan (43%, 65%) and Arado (100.0%, 100.0%) respondents due to most goats graze in communal lands, respectively. Unknown buck to does ratio was practiced in 41% of Begait and 39% of Hassan respondents. Unknown buck to does ratio and a ratio of one buck to all does in the flock were practiced in Arado (8%, 67%) respondents, respectively, and crossbreeding was highly practiced in Begait respondents (41%). The dominant kidding months of Begait and Arado goat populations were in September up to November whilst that of Hassan goat population were in October up to December. Castration and traditional castration method were practiced in Begait (54%, 54%), Hassan (39%, 37%) and Arado (70%, 64%) respondents, respectively. Community education, access to water, access to VSC, buck to doe ratio, kidding pattern improvement and castration to control inbreeding need critical attention.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3644
Sushmitha C, .. Chikkalingaiah, Manjunatha S R, Vidyashree S, Vinay Kumar M
Evaluation of mulberry germplasm for growth and yield parameters was carried out during the rainy and winter seasons of 2019-2020 in the Department of Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-65. The experimental material for the present study comprised of Seventy-one mulberry accessions and two check varieties M5 and V1. Among Seventy-one mulberry accessions evaluated the leaf yield of different genotypes differed significantly among different seasons. Among the elite mulberry genotypes, no single genotype was superior in respect of all the traits in different seasons. However, during rainy and winter season MI-232 and MI-143 recorded highest leaf yield.
{"title":"Evaluation of Mulberry Germplasm for Growth and Yield Parameters during Different Seasons","authors":"Sushmitha C, .. Chikkalingaiah, Manjunatha S R, Vidyashree S, Vinay Kumar M","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3644","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of mulberry germplasm for growth and yield parameters was carried out during the rainy and winter seasons of 2019-2020 in the Department of Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-65. The experimental material for the present study comprised of Seventy-one mulberry accessions and two check varieties M5 and V1. Among Seventy-one mulberry accessions evaluated the leaf yield of different genotypes differed significantly among different seasons. Among the elite mulberry genotypes, no single genotype was superior in respect of all the traits in different seasons. However, during rainy and winter season MI-232 and MI-143 recorded highest leaf yield.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140743259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3643
J. C. García-López, R. E. Herrera-Medina, J. A. Rendón-Huerta, L.O. Negrete-Sánchez, H.A. Lee-Rangel, G. Álvarez-Fuentes
The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of natural compounds for the control of Varroa destructor in colonies of Apis mellifera, the antimite potential of the hydrolate and ethanolic extract (Leatricina®) of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) was evaluated at a concentration 50%; contrasting them with the synthetic chemical amitraz and control under in vitro conditions (48 h) and in the hive (52 days). There were differences (p<0.05) in In vitro Varroa mortality with amitraz with higher values (97.9%) compared with hydrolate (53.1%) and Leatricina® (51.5%); Creosote bush extracts were similar (p> 0.05). In the field experiment, the reduction in the percentage of varroa infestation in adult bees was higher 84.9 % (p<0.05) for amitraz, while the hydrolate and Leatricina® showed differences (p<0.05) 49.5 and 72% respectively, the control group showed the lowest values. Even when the effectiveness of synthetic chemicals presents an evident superiority, the average efficacy and other benefits of natural compounds such as creosote bush extracts represent a viable and safe alternative for the control of V. destructor.
{"title":"Acaricide Potential of Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata) Extracts in the Control of Varroa destructor in Apis mellifera","authors":"J. C. García-López, R. E. Herrera-Medina, J. A. Rendón-Huerta, L.O. Negrete-Sánchez, H.A. Lee-Rangel, G. Álvarez-Fuentes","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3643","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of natural compounds for the control of Varroa destructor in colonies of Apis mellifera, the antimite potential of the hydrolate and ethanolic extract (Leatricina®) of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) was evaluated at a concentration 50%; contrasting them with the synthetic chemical amitraz and control under in vitro conditions (48 h) and in the hive (52 days). There were differences (p<0.05) in In vitro Varroa mortality with amitraz with higher values (97.9%) compared with hydrolate (53.1%) and Leatricina® (51.5%); Creosote bush extracts were similar (p> 0.05). In the field experiment, the reduction in the percentage of varroa infestation in adult bees was higher 84.9 % (p<0.05) for amitraz, while the hydrolate and Leatricina® showed differences (p<0.05) 49.5 and 72% respectively, the control group showed the lowest values. Even when the effectiveness of synthetic chemicals presents an evident superiority, the average efficacy and other benefits of natural compounds such as creosote bush extracts represent a viable and safe alternative for the control of V. destructor.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"24 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3642
P. F. Taitson, Laura Furletti Santiago, Marcela Cançado Sarkis, Fernanda Oliveira Prado de Vasconcelos, Clara Fraga Elias
The aim of this study is to underscore the significance of utilizing cadavers, artificial anatomical models, and innovative methodologies in Human Anatomy education, such as digital tables and 3D glasses. Additionally, it seeks to highlight the most effective approach for studying the female pelvis anatomically. Materials and Methods: To achieve this, 600 questionnaires administered between March and October 2023 were analyzed. Results: Anatomical models emerged as the predominant practical teaching method in Human Anatomy, accounting for all 600 cases (100%). Cadavers were utilized in 504 cases, representing 84% of the studies. The digital table was employed in 312 cases (52%), and 3D glasses were referenced in 144 cases (24%). When assessing the method most conducive to studying the female pelvis, the majority of respondents cited cadavers (82%), followed by artificial anatomical models (11.5%), the digital table (5%), and 3D glasses (1.5%). Conclusions: The popularity of anatomical models can be attributed to their accessibility, ease of handling, and durability. However, cadavers were deemed the most beneficial for studying the female pelvis due to their ability to provide a comprehensive three-dimensional perspective, facilitating understanding of the spatial relationships between genital structures and other pelvic organs. Furthermore, practical anatomy sessions utilizing cadavers offer valuable emotional preparation for future clinical encounters, fostering a deeper appreciation for the human body beyond mere academic study.
本研究旨在强调在人体解剖学教育中利用尸体、人工解剖模型和创新方法（如数字表和 3D 眼镜）的重要性。此外，本研究还旨在强调从解剖学角度研究女性骨盆的最有效方法。材料和方法：为此，对 2023 年 3 月至 10 月间发放的 600 份问卷进行了分析。结果解剖模型是人体解剖学最主要的实践教学方法，占全部 600 个案例的 100%。有 504 个案例使用了尸体，占研究的 84%。312个案例（52%）使用了数字表，144个案例（24%）参考了3D眼镜。在评估最有利于研究女性骨盆的方法时，大多数受访者提到了尸体（82%），其次是人工解剖模型（11.5%）、数字台（5%）和 3D 眼镜（1.5%）。结论：解剖模型之所以受欢迎，是因为它们容易获得、易于操作和经久耐用。然而，尸体被认为最有利于研究女性骨盆，因为它们能够提供全面的三维视角，有助于理解生殖器结构和其他骨盆器官之间的空间关系。此外，利用尸体进行的解剖实践课程为未来的临床接触提供了宝贵的情感准备，培养了对人体更深刻的理解，而不仅仅是学术研究。
{"title":"Practical Applications of Teaching Methodologies in Human Anatomy","authors":"P. F. Taitson, Laura Furletti Santiago, Marcela Cançado Sarkis, Fernanda Oliveira Prado de Vasconcelos, Clara Fraga Elias","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i3642","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to underscore the significance of utilizing cadavers, artificial anatomical models, and innovative methodologies in Human Anatomy education, such as digital tables and 3D glasses. Additionally, it seeks to highlight the most effective approach for studying the female pelvis anatomically. \u0000Materials and Methods: To achieve this, 600 questionnaires administered between March and October 2023 were analyzed. \u0000Results: Anatomical models emerged as the predominant practical teaching method in Human Anatomy, accounting for all 600 cases (100%). Cadavers were utilized in 504 cases, representing 84% of the studies. The digital table was employed in 312 cases (52%), and 3D glasses were referenced in 144 cases (24%). When assessing the method most conducive to studying the female pelvis, the majority of respondents cited cadavers (82%), followed by artificial anatomical models (11.5%), the digital table (5%), and 3D glasses (1.5%). \u0000Conclusions: The popularity of anatomical models can be attributed to their accessibility, ease of handling, and durability. However, cadavers were deemed the most beneficial for studying the female pelvis due to their ability to provide a comprehensive three-dimensional perspective, facilitating understanding of the spatial relationships between genital structures and other pelvic organs. Furthermore, practical anatomy sessions utilizing cadavers offer valuable emotional preparation for future clinical encounters, fostering a deeper appreciation for the human body beyond mere academic study.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-09DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2641
Nadlaou Bessimbaye, D. Désiré, Douféné Ambroise, A. Tidjani
Aims: the objective of this work was to determine the resistance phenotypes and the epidemiological profile of microorganisms associated with female infertility at the CHU-ME of N’Djamena. Materials and Methods: we conducted a prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study on women admitted for maternity desire at the CHU-ME of N'Djamena and consenting from June 1, 2022 to February 26, 2023. Isolation and identification microorganisms responsible for female infertility were carried out in the laboratories using standard clinical microbiology methods. Results: Of the 122 patients included in this series due to infertility, 88 (72.13%) tested positive for microbial infection compared to 34 (28%) negative tests (p = 0.01). The average age of infertile women was 34.24 years with extremes ranging from 19 to 45 years. The age groups most affected were 25 to 31 and 32 to 38. Primary infertility was 71.31% and secondary 28.68%. The microorganisms most associated with infertility were Chlamydia trachomatis (25.30%), Mycoplasma hominis (17.90%), Candida albicans (16.66%) and Staphylococcus aureus (16.04%) Streptococcus agalactiae (10 .49%) and Ureaplasma spp (8.14%). The risk factors most associated with infertility were advanced age (18.85%), surgical interventions (17.25%) and ovulation disorders (19.39%). The antecedents most associated with infertility were cesarean section 44 (36.07%) followed by miscarriages 29 (23.77). The sensitivity of bacterial and fungal agents to antibiotics and antifungals was varied. The majority of bacteria were resistant to Cyclins, Betalactams and Macrolides with proportions of 66%, 47.66% and 34% respectively. Strains of Ureaplasma spp and Mycoplasma homonis develop average resistances of 86.52% and 36.16% respectively against fluoroquinolones. The fungal strains were sensitive (54.33%) to the azole derivatives and resistant (70%) to the polyenes tested. Conclusion: The present study made it possible to determine high prevalence of microorganisms and risk factors associated with female infertility. It also highlighted high prevalence of resistance of bacteria to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones and of Candida albicans to polyenes.
{"title":"Epidemiological Profile of Microorganisms Associated with Female Infertility at the Mother and Child University Hospital Center of N’Djamena: Risk Factors and Antibiotic Resistance","authors":"Nadlaou Bessimbaye, D. Désiré, Douféné Ambroise, A. Tidjani","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2641","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: the objective of this work was to determine the resistance phenotypes and the epidemiological profile of microorganisms associated with female infertility at the CHU-ME of N’Djamena. \u0000Materials and Methods: we conducted a prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study on women admitted for maternity desire at the CHU-ME of N'Djamena and consenting from June 1, 2022 to February 26, 2023. Isolation and identification microorganisms responsible for female infertility were carried out in the laboratories using standard clinical microbiology methods. \u0000Results: Of the 122 patients included in this series due to infertility, 88 (72.13%) tested positive for microbial infection compared to 34 (28%) negative tests (p = 0.01). The average age of infertile women was 34.24 years with extremes ranging from 19 to 45 years. The age groups most affected were 25 to 31 and 32 to 38. Primary infertility was 71.31% and secondary 28.68%. The microorganisms most associated with infertility were Chlamydia trachomatis (25.30%), Mycoplasma hominis (17.90%), Candida albicans (16.66%) and Staphylococcus aureus (16.04%) Streptococcus agalactiae (10 .49%) and Ureaplasma spp (8.14%). The risk factors most associated with infertility were advanced age (18.85%), surgical interventions (17.25%) and ovulation disorders (19.39%). The antecedents most associated with infertility were cesarean section 44 (36.07%) followed by miscarriages 29 (23.77). \u0000The sensitivity of bacterial and fungal agents to antibiotics and antifungals was varied. The majority of bacteria were resistant to Cyclins, Betalactams and Macrolides with proportions of 66%, 47.66% and 34% respectively. Strains of Ureaplasma spp and Mycoplasma homonis develop average resistances of 86.52% and 36.16% respectively against fluoroquinolones. \u0000The fungal strains were sensitive (54.33%) to the azole derivatives and resistant (70%) to the polyenes tested. \u0000Conclusion: The present study made it possible to determine high prevalence of microorganisms and risk factors associated with female infertility. It also highlighted high prevalence of resistance of bacteria to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones and of Candida albicans to polyenes.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2638
Herman Ebai Ebaiarrey, E. Ngonkeu, Yves Thierry Djoah, I. B. M. Efombagn
The cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a cash crop of great economic importance to some cocoa-growing countries. However, diseases and pests, including black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya, can cause yield losses of up to 100% if no phytosanitary treatment is applied. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the tolerance of five cocoa hybrids developed by IRAD (PA107*SNK614, IMC67*SNK109, SCA12*SNK16, IMC67*SNK64 and T79/501*SNK64) against black pod disease in relation to the parent clones. Mature pods (approximately 5 months old) were harvested and used to assess black pod tolerance using the Iwaro Detached Pod Test (DPT-SM). Means were separated using the general linear model (GLM) and ranked using the Student Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (SNK). ANOVA showed a significant difference at P=0.01 on tolerance between hybrids and P=0.001 on tolerance between hybrids and clonal groups. 40% of the hybrids tested were more tolerant than all the clonal groups. The IMC clonal group was the most tolerant of the six clonal groups tested and ranked third overall between hybrids and clonal groups tested. Although the tolerance score varied between hybrids of clones PA107*SNK614 was the most tolerant (0.79) and T75/501*SNK 64 being least tolerant (2.00), all of these hybrids of clones possesses real potential to the tolerant to the black pod disease.
{"title":"Assessing the Tolerance of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Progenies to the Black Pod Disease Caused by Phytophthora megakarya Bras. and Griff.","authors":"Herman Ebai Ebaiarrey, E. Ngonkeu, Yves Thierry Djoah, I. B. M. Efombagn","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2638","url":null,"abstract":"The cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a cash crop of great economic importance to some cocoa-growing countries. However, diseases and pests, including black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya, can cause yield losses of up to 100% if no phytosanitary treatment is applied. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the tolerance of five cocoa hybrids developed by IRAD (PA107*SNK614, IMC67*SNK109, SCA12*SNK16, IMC67*SNK64 and T79/501*SNK64) against black pod disease in relation to the parent clones. Mature pods (approximately 5 months old) were harvested and used to assess black pod tolerance using the Iwaro Detached Pod Test (DPT-SM). Means were separated using the general linear model (GLM) and ranked using the Student Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (SNK). ANOVA showed a significant difference at P=0.01 on tolerance between hybrids and P=0.001 on tolerance between hybrids and clonal groups. 40% of the hybrids tested were more tolerant than all the clonal groups. The IMC clonal group was the most tolerant of the six clonal groups tested and ranked third overall between hybrids and clonal groups tested. Although the tolerance score varied between hybrids of clones PA107*SNK614 was the most tolerant (0.79) and T75/501*SNK 64 being least tolerant (2.00), all of these hybrids of clones possesses real potential to the tolerant to the black pod disease.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2637
Maria Chowdhury, Tajmim Jahan Ritu, Nazmun Nahar
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the impact of methanol-derived leaf extracts from the Persicaria hydropiper plant on the GCMS analysis and in-vivo antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities. Study Design: The GCMS analysis was used to analyze the phytochemicals of the methanolic extract of Persicaria hydropiper (MEPH). The research aimed to investigate the possible in-vivo activities, including the antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activity, of the plant's chemical ingredient, which is of pharmaceutical significance. Whether the changes seen in experimental animals have statistical significance. Methodology: Potential antinociceptive and antidiarrheal properties of MEPH were studied after phytochemicals were found by GCMS analysis of the plant. Swiss albino mice assessed antidiarrheal activity using the castor oil-induced method and antinociceptive activities at various dosages using the hotplate and glutamate-induced nociception methods, respectively. Results: The MEPH GCMS analysis revealed that 65 phytochemicals were found which have greater pharmacological activities. In contrast, MEPH inhibited peripheral nociception in the glutamate-induced paw licking nociceptive paradigm with percent inhibitions of 86.53 and 93.59, respectively. In addition, the hot plate test revealed a significant antinociceptive effect. Where the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal method showed 80.16 and 87% of inhibition of diarrhea compared to the standard loperamide's value of 84.19%. Each pharmacological model was experimented using the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg.Conclusion: Several pathological conditions, including dysentery, Persistent diarrhea, arthritis and other pain, inflammation related diseases, may benefit in the future from the use of plant-derived pharmacological agents due to their antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.
{"title":"Investigating the Bioactive Potential of Persicaria hydropiper: GC-MS Profiling and In vivo Exploration of Antinociceptive and Antidiarrheal Effects","authors":"Maria Chowdhury, Tajmim Jahan Ritu, Nazmun Nahar","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2637","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to investigate the impact of methanol-derived leaf extracts from the Persicaria hydropiper plant on the GCMS analysis and in-vivo antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities. \u0000Study Design: The GCMS analysis was used to analyze the phytochemicals of the methanolic extract of Persicaria hydropiper (MEPH). The research aimed to investigate the possible in-vivo activities, including the antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activity, of the plant's chemical ingredient, which is of pharmaceutical significance. Whether the changes seen in experimental animals have statistical significance. \u0000Methodology: Potential antinociceptive and antidiarrheal properties of MEPH were studied after phytochemicals were found by GCMS analysis of the plant. Swiss albino mice assessed antidiarrheal activity using the castor oil-induced method and antinociceptive activities at various dosages using the hotplate and glutamate-induced nociception methods, respectively. \u0000Results: The MEPH GCMS analysis revealed that 65 phytochemicals were found which have greater pharmacological activities. In contrast, MEPH inhibited peripheral nociception in the glutamate-induced paw licking nociceptive paradigm with percent inhibitions of 86.53 and 93.59, respectively. In addition, the hot plate test revealed a significant antinociceptive effect. Where the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal method showed 80.16 and 87% of inhibition of diarrhea compared to the standard loperamide's value of 84.19%. Each pharmacological model was experimented using the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg.Conclusion: Several pathological conditions, including dysentery, Persistent diarrhea, arthritis and other pain, inflammation related diseases, may benefit in the future from the use of plant-derived pharmacological agents due to their antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"36 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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