世界一流大学的教学中心:最佳实践回顾

E. A. Drugova, I. I. Zhuravleva
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摘要

在快速数字化、教育技术蓬勃发展以及对教育工作者能力要求不断变化的背景下,现代大学需要系统地支持教育过程和教学的发展。为此设立了专门的单位,即教学中心(CTL)。从大学组织发展的角度来看,对这些中心的经验进行分析对于应对现代化挑战具有重要价值。根据全球排名选出了 20 个 CTL,并对其目标、任务、方向和人员构成进行了分析。作者在教学框架中运用了主题分析法、分类法和组织成长法。CTL 的任务分为三组,分别涉及员工和学生的支持与发展、教育过程以及校内外合作。这些活动包括咨询、专业发展、支持主动学习、全纳教育、反馈、评估、与学生的伙伴关系以及科学研究和分析工作。CTL 的活动主要集中在微观和中观层面,最集中的领域是教育技术和再培训计划。在教学、社区建设和加强微观文化方面的领导支持也很重要。CTL 的人员由多层次管理人员、教育专家和其他人员组成。正如所发现的那样,CTL 的人员中也有技术人员。工作名称多种多样,职能职责大同小异。CTL 的活动在俄语研究文献中没有得到应有的认可,因此本研究的结果可实际用于此类中心的建立和发展,以及进一步研究大学在教学支持领域的组织发展。
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Centres for Teaching and Learning of the World’s Leading Universities: Best Practices Review
Amid rapid digitalization, dynamic development of educational technologies, and changing demands to educator competencies, modern universities face the need to support the development of educational processes and teaching systematically. Special units, Centres for Teaching and Learning (CTL), are created for this purpose. The analysis of these Centres’ experience is valuable from the standpoint of organizational development of the universities in response to the challenges of modernity.The study examines the best practice cases of CTL in the world’s leading universities. Based on global rankings twenty CTLs were selected, and their goals, missions, directions, and the composition of the staff were analyzed. The authors applied thematic analysis, classification, and organizational growth in the teaching and learning framework. Three groups of CTL’s missions, related to the support and development of employees and students, of educational process and cooperation within and outside the university, have been allocated. Their activities include consulting, professional development, support of active learning, inclusive education, feedback, assessment, and partnership with students, as well as scientific research and analytical work. CTL’s activity is concentrated mainly at micro- and meso-levels, most intensively in the sphere of educational technologies and retraining programs. Leadership support in teaching and learning, building communities, and enhancement of microcultures are also important. CTL’s personnel consists of multi-level management, educational specialists, and others. As found, CTL’s personnel are enhanced with technicians. There is a variety of job names with similar functional responsibilities. CTL’s activity does not receive proper recognition in Russian-language research literature, so the results of this study can be used practically, in the foundation and development of such centers, as well as in further research of the universities’ organizational development in the sphere of teaching and learning support.
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