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University Management: Practice and Analysis最新文献

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An Experiment of Measuring Customers’ Satisfaction with University Services 衡量客户对大学服务满意度的实验
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2023.03.020
R. A. Dolzhenko, S. Dolzhenko
The university as an educational organization tries to satisfy students’, employees’, partners’, and other interested parties’ needs. One of the tools for assessing the effectiveness of this activity is the “voice of the customer” approach. This article presents the experiment of using this technology in the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. Our purpose is to analyze the results of studying the “voice of the customer” within the university, to show the capabilities, limitations, and possibilities of using this toolkit when developing the educational institution’s activities. The main research method is a sociological survey of various internal and external university customers. Descriptive methods are also used to analyze the survey results. Our study shows the applicability of the “voice of the customer” technology for improving the quality and effectiveness of the university’s core activities. If used systematically, this approach promises to become a tool for assessing and developing various spheres of the university’s functioning.
大学作为一个教育组织,努力满足学生、员工、合作伙伴和其他相关方的需求。客户之声 "方法是评估这一活动有效性的工具之一。本文介绍了俄罗斯总统国民经济与公共管理学院使用该技术的实验情况。我们的目的是分析研究大学内部 "客户之声 "的结果,说明在开展教育机构活动时使用这一工具包的能力、局限性和可能性。主要研究方法是对大学内部和外部的各种客户进行社会学调查。同时还采用了描述性方法来分析调查结果。我们的研究表明,"客户之声 "技术适用于提高大学核心活动的质量和效率。如果系统地使用这种方法,它有望成为评估和发展大学各职能领域的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Development Features of Informal Educational Campus Spaces 非正规教育校园空间的发展特点
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2023.03.023
P. S. Kuznetsov, O. V. Leshukov, V. F. Eliseenko
The research aims to analyze the role of the university campus and its informal educational spaces as one of the resources in ensuring the main university functions. The article discusses the features of informal educational spaces and approaches to their management. The empirical part of the study is based on interviews with university administrators and experts. A typology of informal educational spaces and examples of management practices in development are proposed.
本研究旨在分析大学校园及其非正式教育场所作为确保大学主要功能的资源之一所发挥的作用。文章讨论了非正式教育空间的特点及其管理方法。研究的实证部分基于对大学管理人员和专家的访谈。文章提出了非正规教育场所的类型和发展中的管理实践范例。
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引用次数: 0
Critical Review of the University Management Practices Evolution 对大学管理实践演变的批判性审查
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2023.03.027
O. B. Tomilin
This article discusses the evolution of university management practices since a new public management ideology has been introduced in higher education. Novelty is the systematic critical review of university managerialism practices imposed over the last 40 years. The reasons for the emergence of university managerialism, its theoretical foundations, and its application in the management of higher educational institutions are shown. The features of university managerialism in Russian higher education are discussed. Possible ways of developing university management when organizing university activities under the financial model of severely limited funds are outlined. The article may be of interest to senior education officials and the Russian academic community.
本文讨论了高等教育引入新的公共管理思想以来大学管理实践的演变。本文的新颖之处在于对过去 40 年来推行的大学管理主义实践进行了系统的批判性回顾。文章阐述了大学管理主义出现的原因、理论基础及其在高等教育机构管理中的应用。讨论了俄罗斯高等教育中大学管理主义的特点。概述了在资金极其有限的财务模式下组织大学活动时发展大学管理的可能途径。这篇文章可能会引起高级教育官员和俄罗斯学术界的兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Widening Horizons. Why Russian Universities Place MOOCs on Open Learning Platforms 拓宽视野。俄罗斯大学为何在开放式学习平台上开设 MOOC 课程
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2023.03.022
P. Kazin, A. A. Pavlova
The main objective of this article is to find out the Russian universities’ motives for developing and placing exponential massive open online courses (xMOOCs) on open educational platforms. The study shows that in such decisions the universities are motivated not only by the direct profit from their courses implementation, but also by other reasons, which can be divided into two groups: 1) encouraging the use of university development opportunities and 2) aiming to overcome deficiencies and shortages in university’s activities. The majority of motives, such as “online programs promotion for additional and further professional education”, “the university’s overall brand promotion”, and “online higher education programs promotion”, are focused on development opportunities, only one (“teachers’ qualifications improvement”) aimed at overcoming deficiencies.
本文的主要目的是了解俄罗斯大学开发指数级大规模开放在线课程(xMOOC)并将其放在开放教育平台上的动机。研究表明,大学做出此类决定的动机不仅在于从课程实施中直接获利,还在于其他原因,这些原因可分为两类:1)鼓励利用大学发展机会;2)旨在克服大学活动中的缺陷和不足。大多数动机,如 "促进专业进修和补充教育的在线课程"、"大学整体品牌宣传 "和 "促进在线高等教育课程",都是为了利用发展机会,只有一个动机("提高教师资格")是为了克服不足。
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引用次数: 0
Organizational Cybernetics Lessons for Russian Universities 组织控制论对俄罗斯大学的启示
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2023.03.029
V. A. Pushnykh
The modern environment of the Russian universities could be defined as very turbulent and challenging. So, choosing a correct strategy of behavior in this environment, as well as creating the corresponding internal atmosphere, is very important for universities in these conditions. Organizational cybernetics, or VSM (Valuable System Model), pioneered by S. Beer, is one of the instruments to analyze the organization’s effectiveness and to search for the ways of increasing effectiveness. Connecting the general cybernetic principles with the achievements of the neurophysiology, S. Beer proposed a management model, wherein the organization is seen like a brain-ruled human organism. The model includes five interconnected systems of different levels. It has been successfully applied for analyzing the effectiveness of various economic systems – from the whole state to small business enterprises. This paper demonstrates the first attempt of applying VSM for studying the Russian universities’ performance. There are distinguished the peculiarities of each of the five Beer’s systems within the university as compared to the similar systems in business organizations, each system operation at the university being analyzed. The author demonstrates the typical mistakes of the system operation and gives some advices on these mistakes elimination. The main conclusions drawn are as follows: 1) the methods of management prevailing at business organization can find rather limited application at the universities; 2) Russian universities are lacking strategic goals formulated by superior system; 3) another need of the universities is creation of organizational culture based on trust and respect. Finally, there are given some practical recommendations on advancing the Russian universities.
俄罗斯大学所处的现代环境可谓动荡不安,充满挑战。因此,在这种环境下选择正确的行为策略以及营造相应的内部氛围,对于处于这种条件下的大学来说非常重要。由 S. Beer 首创的组织控制论或 VSM(有价值的系统模型)是分析组织效率和寻找提高效率方法的工具之一。S. Beer 将控制论的一般原理与神经生理学的成就相结合,提出了一种管理模式,将组织视为由大脑支配的人类有机体。该模型包括五个不同层次的相互关联系统。该模型已成功应用于分析从整个国家到小型企业的各种经济系统的有效性。本文展示了应用 VSM 研究俄罗斯大学绩效的首次尝试。与企业组织中的类似系统相比,本文对大学中的五个比尔系统中的每个系统的特殊性进行了区分,并对大学中每个系统的运行情况进行了分析。作者展示了系统运行中的典型错误,并就如何消除这些错误提出了一些建议。得出的主要结论如下1) 企业组织中普遍采用的管理方法在大学中的应用相当有限;2) 俄罗斯大学缺乏由上级系统制定的战略目标;3) 大学的另一个需求是创建基于信任和尊重的组织文化。最后,还就如何推动俄罗斯大学的发展提出了一些切实可行的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional Models of Scientific Mentoring for Russian University Students: Organizational and Managerial Aspects 俄罗斯大学生科学指导的机构模式:组织和管理方面
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2023.03.019
P. Ambarova, N. Shabrova
The article aims at characterizing the institutional models of Russian university students’ scientific mentoring in the context of managing research activities. The institutional practices of scientific mentoring are an effective way to make an early academic career, to involve and retain talented students in the field of research and development, to popularize and strengthen the social status of science. Meanwhile, the traditional institutional forms existing in Russian universities should be developed and renewed. In addition, some practices of scientific mentoring are informal, which means that they do not have organizational support and conditions for reproduction. We focus on scientific mentoring for students of the first and second levels of higher education (bachelors, specialists, master students), who are considered as a «reserve» of the community of scientific youth. Our conclusions are based on the data of a sociological study carried out in 2023. Therein, we used methods of systematic analysis of scientific literature, of Russian and foreign universities’ websites content. The study included an online survey of 3032 students of Russian universities. The theoretical task is to substantiate the features of scientific mentoring as a scientific and educational institution. We highlight the institutional features and functions of scientific mentoring. Based on empirical data, we present the content of scientific mentoring institutional models, which have developed in modern foreign and Russian universities. The online survey of students showed their involvement in research activities, motivation for it, and the level of their scientific activity. The results of our research can be used in practice – to develop and improve scientific mentoring programs in Russian universities. The paper in general is the first attempt to interpret scientific mentoring from the standpoint of an institutional approach. We summarize the Soviet experience of scientific mentoring, as well as its modern institutional practices in foreign and Russian universities.
文章旨在描述在科研活动管理背景下俄罗斯大学生科学指导机构模式的特点。科学指导的制度实践是成就早期学术生涯、让优秀学生参与并留住研发领域、普及和加强科学的社会地位的有效途径。同时,俄罗斯高校现有的传统制度形式也应得到发展和更新。此外,科学指导的一些做法是非正式的,这意味着它们没有组织支持和再生产的条件。我们的重点是对高等教育第一和第二阶段的学生(本科生、专科生、硕士生)进行科学指导,他们被视为科学青年群体的 "后备军"。我们的结论基于 2023 年开展的一项社会学研究的数据。在研究中,我们采用了系统分析科学文献、俄罗斯和外国大学网站内容的方法。研究包括对 3032 名俄罗斯高校学生的在线调查。理论任务是证实科学导师作为科学和教育机构的特点。我们强调了科学指导的机构特征和功能。根据经验数据,我们介绍了科学指导机构模式的内容,这些模式在现代外国和俄罗斯大学中得到了发展。对学生的在线调查显示了他们参与科研活动的情况、科研活动的动机以及科研活动的水平。我们的研究成果可用于实践--制定和完善俄罗斯高校的科学指导计划。总体而言,本文是首次尝试从制度角度解释科学指导。我们总结了前苏联的科学指导经验,以及外国和俄罗斯大学的现代制度实践。
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引用次数: 0
Centres for Teaching and Learning of the World’s Leading Universities: Best Practices Review 世界一流大学的教学中心:最佳实践回顾
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2023.03.021
E. A. Drugova, I. I. Zhuravleva
Amid rapid digitalization, dynamic development of educational technologies, and changing demands to educator competencies, modern universities face the need to support the development of educational processes and teaching systematically. Special units, Centres for Teaching and Learning (CTL), are created for this purpose. The analysis of these Centres’ experience is valuable from the standpoint of organizational development of the universities in response to the challenges of modernity.The study examines the best practice cases of CTL in the world’s leading universities. Based on global rankings twenty CTLs were selected, and their goals, missions, directions, and the composition of the staff were analyzed. The authors applied thematic analysis, classification, and organizational growth in the teaching and learning framework. Three groups of CTL’s missions, related to the support and development of employees and students, of educational process and cooperation within and outside the university, have been allocated. Their activities include consulting, professional development, support of active learning, inclusive education, feedback, assessment, and partnership with students, as well as scientific research and analytical work. CTL’s activity is concentrated mainly at micro- and meso-levels, most intensively in the sphere of educational technologies and retraining programs. Leadership support in teaching and learning, building communities, and enhancement of microcultures are also important. CTL’s personnel consists of multi-level management, educational specialists, and others. As found, CTL’s personnel are enhanced with technicians. There is a variety of job names with similar functional responsibilities. CTL’s activity does not receive proper recognition in Russian-language research literature, so the results of this study can be used practically, in the foundation and development of such centers, as well as in further research of the universities’ organizational development in the sphere of teaching and learning support.
在快速数字化、教育技术蓬勃发展以及对教育工作者能力要求不断变化的背景下,现代大学需要系统地支持教育过程和教学的发展。为此设立了专门的单位,即教学中心(CTL)。从大学组织发展的角度来看,对这些中心的经验进行分析对于应对现代化挑战具有重要价值。根据全球排名选出了 20 个 CTL,并对其目标、任务、方向和人员构成进行了分析。作者在教学框架中运用了主题分析法、分类法和组织成长法。CTL 的任务分为三组,分别涉及员工和学生的支持与发展、教育过程以及校内外合作。这些活动包括咨询、专业发展、支持主动学习、全纳教育、反馈、评估、与学生的伙伴关系以及科学研究和分析工作。CTL 的活动主要集中在微观和中观层面,最集中的领域是教育技术和再培训计划。在教学、社区建设和加强微观文化方面的领导支持也很重要。CTL 的人员由多层次管理人员、教育专家和其他人员组成。正如所发现的那样,CTL 的人员中也有技术人员。工作名称多种多样,职能职责大同小异。CTL 的活动在俄语研究文献中没有得到应有的认可,因此本研究的结果可实际用于此类中心的建立和发展,以及进一步研究大学在教学支持领域的组织发展。
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引用次数: 0
Forming the Identity of a Regional University as a Tool to Manage Its Competitiveness 形成地区大学的特征,作为管理其竞争力的工具
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2023.03.025
O. Nedoluzhko, E. G. Shumik, O. A. Baturina
The concept of identity, originally used in relation to the human personality, comes to be actively applied to various social institutions, including HEIs. Nowadays, the competitive nature of a university’s funding makes a higher education institution’s identity formation a key factor in its competitiveness. Our review of the existing studies shows that at the moment there is a problem of poor knowledge on regional universities’ identity, especially in terms of its external component. The aim of our study is to identify the existing difficulties in regional university’s identity formation and to substantiate the directions for their solution. The methodological basis of our analysis is the theory of organizational identity. The definitions of a regional university and its identity are obtained using the content analysis method. Our classification of Russian universities made it possible to formulate criteria, which make it possible to identify a university beyond any special status. Our analysis of Russian HEIs’ financing shows that such universities face with a lack of funding and, accordingly, with the need to increase competitiveness through the formation of their identity. In the future, this problem will only intensify due to the influence of digitalization, which makes a university’s territorial proximity less important for the enrollees.
身份认同的概念最初用于与人的个性有关的方面,后来被积极应用于各种社会机构,包括高等院校。如今,大学经费的竞争性使得高等院校的身份形成成为其竞争力的关键因素。我们对现有研究的回顾表明,目前对地区性大学的身份认同,尤其是其外部构成部分,存在认识不足的问题。我们研究的目的是找出地区性大学在形成身份认同方面存在的困难,并为解决这些困难指明方向。我们分析的方法论基础是组织认同理论。通过内容分析法获得了地区大学及其特征的定义。我们对俄罗斯高校的分类使我们有可能制定标准,从而有可能确定一所超越任何特殊地位的高校。我们对俄罗斯高等院校经费的分析表明,这些大学面临着经费不足的问题,因此需要通过形成自己的特色来提高竞争力。在未来,由于数字化的影响,这一问题只会更加严重,因为数字化使得大学的地理位置对学生来说不再那么重要。
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引用次数: 0
Labor Involvement of Employees of Higher Education Institutions: Based on Corporate Projects 高等院校员工的劳动参与:基于企业项目
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2023.03.028
G. Z. Efimova, A. S. Latyshev
The article examines the concept of «employee involvement» in organizational management, presents the key characteristics and determinants of this involvement, shows how to manage labor involvement. The authors analyze the connection between labor alienation and employees’ «burnout», the advantages of high and the risks of low labor involvement.The research focuses on the involvement of staff in the academic field. Given the ongoing processes of modernization and transformation of the higher education sector, which also cover Russian universities, a high level of employees’ engagement can potentially help to effectively cope with new challenges.We analyze theoretical concepts of personnel involvement in the work of the organization and present the results of a longitudinal sociological study based on our questionnaire. Four monitoring waves were carried out: in 2018 (N=708), in 2019 (N=840), in 2020 (N=522), and in 2022 (N=552). The research is aimed at studying the involvement of scientific and pedagogical staff in the activities and corporate projects of the university (in comparison with other categories of employees). There are found out the types of employee involvement and the key factors determining the change in the level of their involvement in the activities of the organization and in the implementation of individual corporate projects. We have identified three types of employee involvement: high (unconditional), medium (labile) and low (avoidant) involvement. The highest labor involvement is noted among senior staff and line managers.The study of employee involvement is of practical importance for researchers and practitioners in the sphere of human resource management. The article might be of interest for federal and regional authorities in the field of education, for heads of higher education institutions, for university human resource departments, and for university staffin general.
文章探讨了组织管理中 "员工参与 "的概念,介绍了这种参与的主要特征和决定因素,说明了如何管理劳动参与。作者分析了劳动异化与员工 "职业倦怠 "之间的联系、高劳动参与度的优势和低劳动参与度的风险。我们分析了人员参与组织工作的理论概念,并介绍了基于问卷调查的纵向社会学研究结果。共进行了四次监测:2018 年(N=708)、2019 年(N=840)、2020 年(N=522)和 2022 年(N=552)。研究旨在了解科学和教学人员参与大学活动和企业项目的情况(与其他类别的员工相比)。研究发现了员工参与的类型,以及决定员工参与组织活动和个人企业项目实施水平变化的关键因素。我们确定了三种类型的员工参与:高(无条件)、中(不稳定)和低(回避)参与。对于人力资源管理领域的研究人员和从业人员来说,员工参与度研究具有重要的现实意义。这篇文章可能对联邦和地区教育部门、高等教育机构负责人、大学人力资源部门以及大学员工都有意义。
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引用次数: 0
Ecosystem-Type Universities’ Formation Dialectics and Its Influence Over Future Specialists 生态系统型大学的形成辩证法及其对未来专业人才的影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.15826/umpa.2023.03.026
Yana S. Matkovskaya, E. Rusyaeva
The object of our research is the ecosystem-type universities (mainly in Russia), which are being actively formed and prospectively developed in this country. The article aims at studying their formation dialectics as influencing future specialists. The authors take Hegel’s interpretation of the dialectical analysis (the comprehension of opposites in their unity), when two mutually suggestive opposites can only be understood through their “other”. In today’s postmodern consciousness, ecosystems create conditions for resolving these contradictions. We also use interdisciplinary synthesis in ecosystem and epistemological modeling of students’ “profiles”, thus logically explaining the importance of the university ecosystem influence over forming students’ cognitive and professional competencies. The scheme of cognition is metaphorically presented as a construct of “disenchantment-disclosure of the world” on the natural basis of the cognitive process, which has social and individual components. Figuratively, the process of cognition is depicted as an opportunity to discover and fill in semantic gaps in the learning process. The authors model the construction of an ecosystem-type university, wherein the analog-digital space is made up of vertical and horizontal control parameters. Such a university is firstly an innovative education system, which forms individuals able both to manage the flow of specialized knowledge and to intellectually outstrip artificial intelligence. Secondly, it is an analog-digital continuum, and the contours of direct and reverse, formal and informal connections in such an ecosystem provide all the agents with new opportunities for cognitive development. The methodological foundations for our research are chosen according to the importance of understanding the cognitive transformations and opportunities formed in ecosystem-type universities.This paper might be of value for representatives of the academic community and for university leaders.
我们的研究对象是生态系统型大学(主要在俄罗斯),这些大学正在该国积极组建并有望得到发展。文章旨在研究其影响未来专家的形成辩证法。作者采用了黑格尔对辩证分析(对立统一的理解)的解释,即两个相互暗示的对立面只有通过它们的 "他者 "才能被理解。在当今的后现代意识中,生态系统为解决这些矛盾创造了条件。我们还在学生 "档案 "的生态系统和认识论建模中使用了跨学科综合方法,从而从逻辑上解释了大学生态系统对学生认知和专业能力形成的重要影响。在认知过程的自然基础上,认知方案被隐喻为 "对世界的迷失--揭示 "的建构,其中包含社会和个人两个组成部分。形象地说,认知过程被描绘成在学习过程中发现和填补语义空白的机会。作者建立了一个生态系统型大学的模型,其中模拟数字空间由纵向和横向控制参数组成。这样的大学首先是一个创新的教育系统,它培养的人才既能管理专业知识的流动,又能在智力上超越人工智能。其次,它是一个模拟-数字的连续体,在这样一个生态系统中,直接和反向、正式和非正式联系的轮廓为所有参与者提供了认知发展的新机遇。我们选择的研究方法论基础是基于理解生态系统型大学中形成的认知转变和机遇的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
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University Management: Practice and Analysis
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