Assessment of Rare Case on Patient with Filariasis-Associated Bilateral Pleural Effusion

Bilateral pleural effusion is fluid accumulation in both lungs of pleural spaces. The clinical manifestations of bilateral pleural effusion (chylothorax) caused by filariasis are so rare that they are often challenging to diagnose. This case study described a 21-year-old woman, domiciled in Sumatra, with complaints of shortness of breath and swollen legs. Radiological examination results found bilateral pleural effusion. Initially, it was suspected that the effusion was caused by tuberculosis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and malignancy; however, treatments for these did not improve the patient’s condition. A Water Seal Drainage (WSD) was inserted and a chylous or chylothorax pleural effusion was obtained, and microfilaria was founded in the nocturnal blood examinations. Oxygen and nursing interventions were administered using lung expansion and postural drainage techniques, supported by education on effective coughing and deep breathing, along with the fulfillment of nutritional needs and dietary adjustments.