结节性皮肤病--一种新出现的动物跨境病毒性疾病:综述

Madhu Bala, Savita Savita, Neha Sharma, Avantika Dadwal, Abhinay Abhinay, Mohita Thakur
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摘要

结节性皮肤病(LSD)是影响印度奶牛和水牛的一种新发病毒性疾病。畜牧业因块状皮肤病(LSD)遭受了巨大的经济损失。结节性皮肤病病毒(LSDV)是痘病毒科的一种病毒,其前身是 Neethling 变种。瘤状皮肤病病毒属于痘病毒属,它还包含绵羊和山羊痘病毒。结节性皮肤病是一种牛病,具有流行性、传染性、爆发性,很少致死。其特征是皮肤肿块。奶牛和水牛是唯一受影响的动物类型,发病率很高,但死亡率较低;不过,小牛的死亡率较高。结节性皮肤病会降低产奶量和产肉量,诱发雌性流产,并导致雄性阳痿。全身皮肤结节、发烧、流泪、流鼻涕、厌食、产奶量下降、消瘦、精神萎靡和不愿移动都是主要的临床症状。LSD 的起源可追溯到 1929 年的赞比亚。结节性皮肤病被认为是非洲大陆的本土疾病。然而,大约在 1984 年,这种疾病蔓延到了非洲以外的地区。马达加斯加以及一些中东国家和阿拉伯半岛都有关于这种疾病的报道。最近,在没有块皮病的地区(叙利亚、黎巴嫩、伊朗、土耳其和伊拉克、约旦)也有这种疾病的记录,给畜牧业带来了经济风险。在印度报告了最早的块皮病病例后,该病迅速蔓延到全国各地,对牛和水牛的生产力和死亡率造成了威胁。
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Lumpy Skin Disease, an Emerging Transboundary Viral Disease in Animal’s: A Review
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an arising viral ailment impacting cows and buffaloes in India. Livestock industry suffers enormous financial damages as a result of lumpy skin disease (LSD). Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a part of the Poxviridae family induces it, along with precursor being Neethling variant. Lumpy skin disease virus belongs to Capripox virus genus, it also contains sheep and goat pox viruses. Lumpy skin ailment is a bovine illness that is enzootic, contagious, eruptive, and infrequently lethal. It is characterised by skin lumps. Cows and buffalo are the sole impacted types of animals, with substantial morbidity yet lower fatality levels; although, calves die at a greater rate. Lumpy skin disease lowers milk and meat output, induces female miscarriages, and promotes male impotency. Skin nodules all over the body, fever, lachraimal discharge, nasal discharge, anorexia, decreased milk yield, emaciation, depression, and reluctance to move are all major clinical signs. LSD's origins can be traced back to 1929 in Zambia. Lumpy skin disease is regarded an indigenous illness in the African continent. However, around 1984, this disease spread beyond Africa. It has been reported in Madagascar as well as some Middle Eastern countries and Arabian Peninsula. This sickness has lately been documented in regions where lumpy skin ailment is not available (Syria, Lebanon, Iran, Turkey, and Iraq, Jordan), posing a financial risk to the livestock industry. After the earliest case of lumpy skin ailment was reported in India, it has spread rapidly throughout the country, posing a risk to the cattle and buffalo populations of productivity and mortality.
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