辣椒素具有物种和菌株特异性活性:研究辣椒素对口腔病原体变异链球菌和口腔益生菌唾液链球菌 M18 和 K12 的抗菌作用

Kader Doğan, Sinem Tunçer
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摘要

对辣椒中的主要生物活性化合物辣椒素(CAP)进行了广泛的研究,以探索其多种药理和生理特性。最近,研究重点转向了解 CAP 对肠道微生物群的潜在影响,因为肠道细菌谱与饮食之间存在密切联系。然而,目前还没有关于 CAP 对口腔微生物群影响的研究。因此,我们的研究旨在探索 CAP 对两种口腔益生菌(唾液链球菌 M18 和唾液链球菌 K12)以及口腔病原体 S. mutans 的抗菌作用。此前,CAP 的抗癌活性已得到证实,根据这些研究结果,我们在这里展示了它对大肠癌细胞株的生长抑制活性。然而,本研究是首次研究 CAP 对特定口腔微生物的影响,同时考虑到了口服 CAP 以及口腔和肠道微生物群之间的相互联系。研究结果表明,当浓度超过 100 µg/mL 时,CAP 对 M18 菌株具有抗菌特性。令人惊讶的是,即使在 2 毫克/毫升的浓度下,CAP 对唾液球菌 K12 也没有表现出任何生长抑制作用。同样,CAP 也没有抑制导致龋齿的一个重要因素--突变杆状病毒的生长。这些结果表明,CAP 的作用具有物种和菌株特异性,表明服用 CAP 后口腔微生物群可能会发生变化。
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Capsaicin Shows Species and Strain-specific Activity: Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects on the Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans and the Oral Probiotics Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12
Extensive research has investigated capsaicin (CAP), the primary bioactive compound in chili peppers, to explore its diverse pharmacological and physiological properties. Recently, the focus has shifted to understanding the potential effects of CAP on gut microbiota due to the strong link between gut bacterial profile and diet. However, there has been no research on the effects of CAP on oral microbiota. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the antibacterial effects of CAP on two oral probiotics, Streptococcus salivarius M18, and S. salivarius K12, along with the oral pathogen S. mutans. Previously, the anti-cancer activity of CAP had been demonstrated, and in accordance with these findings, here, we show its growth inhibitory activity on colorectal cancer cell lines. However, this study is the first to examine the impact of CAP on specific oral microorganisms while considering the oral consumption of CAP and the interconnectedness of the oral and gut microbiomes. The findings revealed that CAP exhibited antibacterial properties against the M18 strain at concentrations exceeding 100 µg/mL. Surprisingly, it did not show any growth-inhibitory effects on S. salivarius K12, even at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. Similarly, CAP did not inhibit the growth of S. mutans, a significant factor in dental caries. These results suggest that CAP's effects are species and strain-specific, indicating potential changes in the oral microbiota upon CAP consumption.
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