在春小麦种植技术中使用有机酸纳米复合微肥的补偿方案的效率

Svitlana Kalenska, Nataliia Novytska, Viktor Kalenskyi, Omar El Farouk Osman, Vadym Melnychenko
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摘要

近年来,纳米技术的长足进步提高了大规模生产具有重要生理意义的金属纳米颗粒的能力,这些纳米颗粒目前被用于改进肥料配方,以增加植物细胞的吸收并最大限度地减少养分损失。具有纳米结构的肥料可通过定向输送、缓释或控释等机制提高养分利用效率。该研究的目的是证实在春小麦施肥系统中使用生物动力纳米肥料(含有机酸的纳米复合微量营养元素肥料)部分替代主要大肥料的补偿方案。这项研究是在乌克兰国立生命与环境科学大学植物产业系教育和科学实验室的基础上进行的。研究中使用了 A.O. Rozhkov 的田间试验方法、切口法和扫描法测定叶表面积。研究表明,在春小麦施肥系统中,可以用生物动力纳米肥料替代 30-40% 的推荐矿物肥料用量。总的来说,使用纳米肥料可以提高小麦的生长速度,改善产量和产量成分。用 Innoparmis Agroscience 生物动力肥料替代矿物肥料,可使春小麦植株在生长季节的存活率达到 86-88% 的更高水平。通过替代 34% 的推荐矿物肥料,小麦叶片中的光合色素含量增加了 5%,叶片表面积增加了 7%。通过部分(在小麦施肥系统中为 34%)替代主要宏量营养元素来使用生物动力纳米肥料的补偿方案可使春小麦增产 9.9%。在农作物施肥系统中使用生物动力纳米肥料替代矿物肥料的可能性已得到证实,在近年来矿物肥料价格迅速上涨的背景下,使用生物动力纳米肥料将减少对环境的污染和经济上的依赖。
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Efficiency of the compensatory scheme of using Organic Acid Nano-Complex microfertilizers in spring wheat cultivation technology
In recent years, significant advances in nanotechnology have increased the ability to produce nanoparticles of physiologically important metals on a large scale, which are now used to improve fertilizer formulations to increase uptake by plant cells and minimize nutrient losses. Fertilizers with nanostructure can increase the efficiency of nutrient use through mechanisms such as targeted delivery, slow or controlled release. The aim of the research is to substantiate a compensatory scheme for the use of biodynamic nanofertilizers (nanocomplex micronutrient fertilizers with organic acids) by partially replacing the main macrofertilizers in the spring wheat fertilization system. The research was conducted on the basis of the educational and scientific laboratory Department of Plant Industry of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. In research, there were used the methods of field experiments of A.O. Rozhkov, notching method and scanning method for determination of leaf surface area. The studies showed that it is possible to replace within 30-40% of the recommended amount of mineral fertilizers with biodynamic nanofertilizers in the spring wheat fertilization system. In general, the use of nanofertilizers increased wheat growth and improved yield and yield components. Substitution of mineral fertilizers, Innoparmis Agroscience Biodynamic fertilizers, provides a more favourable 86-88% survival rate of spring wheat plants during the growing season. By replacing 34% of the recommended rate of mineral fertilizers, the content of photosynthetic pigments in wheat leaves increases by 5% and the leaf surface area increases by 7%. The created compensatory schemes for the use of biodynamic nanofertilizers by partial (34% in the wheat fertilization system) replacement of the main macronutrients can increase the yield of spring wheat by 9.9%. The proven possibility of replacing mineral fertilizers with biodynamic nanofertilizers in the fertilization system of agricultural crops will reduce environmental pollution and the economic dependency of using mineral fertilizers against the background of their rapid increase in price in recent years
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