本文从艺术特点和圣像的角度研究了 20 世纪末至 21 世纪初在利沃夫公共场所安装的十字架。

Mykhailo Skop
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引用次数: 0

摘要

其科学新颖性在于,这是首次对利沃夫的十字路口进行研究,其中分析了作品的艺术和圣像特征,确定了圣所的原型,概述了主要的艺术趋势,并提出了基于形式和材料的分类方法。所有样本都是通过实证研究收集和分析的,采用了摄影记录、视觉观察和描述等方法。此外,论文还采用了图标分析、语义分析、比较分析和文化历史分析等方法。研究范围包括霍梅茨山布鲁霍维奇森林中的十字路口,分别位于 I. Lukasevych 街 10 号、V. Symonenka 街 5 号、28A.Symonenka 街、Zahirnyi 街 28A 号、以教皇约翰-保罗二世命名的公园、利沃夫 700 周年纪念地 "Bodnarivka "和 "高堡"。已确定最普遍的驿站由木制十字架和约瑟夫-里特尔-冯-富里希、切萨雷-塞基和路易吉-莫尔加里等作家作品的复制品组成。 对利沃夫 700 周年纪念公园中的站台进行的研究表明,这些作品很可能是意大利 Demetz 艺术工作室马赛克作品的复制品,其形式与诺夫哥罗德亚历克修斯十字架的轮廓如出一辙。对 Myshuhy 街 40 号乌克兰东正教圣母教堂背景下的 "Pietà "站进行的调查揭示了利沃夫宗教庸俗化的特点,即模仿西欧高级天主教雕塑艺术与俄罗斯东正教建筑元素(包括光亮的洋葱头形圆顶)的融合。 通过对高堡的两个十字路口的分析,可以看出两种风格倾向。2005 年的圣像模仿了类似民间雕刻的天真风格,而 2010-2012 年的样本在风格上类似于卢尔德、斯特拉奇、罗沙奇和桑博尔等地的十字架圣像。此外,人们还注意到,其特殊性还包括某些比例失调和不自然的姿势,通过避免描绘反面人物而偏离了传统的圣像艺术。对十字架圣坛所在的皇家泉圣地进行的研究发现了宗教媚俗的迹象,即符号和风格不一致、存在各种邪教的圣坛、模仿高雅艺术以及大多数作品的专业质量不高。
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The paper examines the Stations of the Cross installed in the public space of Lviv from the late 20th to the early 21st century in terms of their artistic features and iconography.
The scientific novelty lies in this being the first study of Stations of the Cross in Lviv, wherein the artistic and iconographic features of the works were analyzed, the prototypes of the sanctuaries were identified, primary artistic trends were outlined, and a classification based on form and materials was proposed. All samples were collected and analyzed through empirical research using photographic documentation, visual observation, and description. Additionally, the paper employs methods such as iconographic, semantic, comparative, and cultural-historical analysis. The research covers the Stations of the Cross in the Brukhovychi Forest, on Mount Khomets, at 10 I. Lukasevych Street, 5 V. Symonenka Street, 28A Zahirnyi Street, in parks named after Pope John Paul II, the 700th Anniversary of Lviv, "Bodnarivka," and the "High Castle". It was established that the most widespread stations consist of wooden crosses and reproductions of works by authors such as Joseph Ritter von Fürich, Cesare Secchi, and Luigi Morgari. Research on the stations in the 700th Anniversary Park of Lviv suggests that these works likely replicate the mosaic cycle of the Italian company Demetz Art Studio, with their form mirroring the silhouette of the Novgorod Alexius Cross. The investigation of the "Pietà" station in the context of the Church of the Holy Virgin of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine at 40 Myshuhy Street revealed peculiarities of religious kitsch in Lviv, characterized by a blend of imitation of high Western European Catholic sculptural art and elements of Russian Orthodox architecture, including glossy onion-shaped domes. The analysis of two Stations of the Cross at the High Castle delineated two stylistic tendencies. Stations from 2005 imitate a naive style akin to folk carvings, while samples from 2010-2012 stylistically resemble Stations of the Cross in Lourdes, Stradch, Roshachi, Sambor, among others. Additionally, it was noted that its particularities include certain disproportions and unnatural poses, departing from traditional iconography by avoiding the depiction of negative characters. Research into the sacred space of the Royal Spring, where the Stations of the Cross are located, revealed signs of religious kitsch, namely semiotic and stylistic inconsistency, the presence of sanctuaries from various cults, imitation of high art, and low professional quality in most works.
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