萨能公鹿和阿尔卑斯公鹿的繁殖特征

A. Bogdaniuk, V. Garkavii, M. Petrushko
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摘要

一个物种内不同品种间的遗传变异不仅会影响产奶量和质量等生产性能,还会影响包括繁殖力在内的动物健康。本研究旨在比较萨能(Saanen)和阿尔卑斯(Alpine)品种公鹿的繁殖特征。使用光学显微镜评估精子浓度和活力,使用伊红-曙红染色法测定精子活力,使用精子染色法评估精子形态参数。使用 Halosperm 试剂盒测量 DNA 片段。在山羊自然发情期间使用新鲜精液进行人工授精。使用 Graph Pad Prism 软件进行统计分析。结果表明,高山公山羊的精液量、精子浓度、存活率和活力都明显高于其他公山羊(P<0.05)。在具有正常形态的精子数量和 DNA 碎片率方面,没有观察到品种间的明显差异(P≥0.05)。对萨能公羊精子的低温生物学分析表明,与阿尔卑斯品种相比,萨能公羊的精子具有更高的抗低温能力。对山羊进行人工授精后,萨能种山羊的受孕率为 61.8%,是阿尔卑斯种山羊受孕率(28.8%)的两倍(P<0.05)。这些研究结果表明,萨能山羊和阿尔卑斯山羊的繁殖特性存在显著差异。尽管阿尔卑斯山羊的精子特性更优越,但其人工授精后的受孕率明显低于萨能山羊。因此,在畜牧业中实施育种计划和采用生殖生物技术时,必须考虑这些基本生殖特性的差异,以确保其成功应用和有效性。
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Reproductive characteristics of Saanen and Alpine bucks
Genetic variations among breeds within a species can impact not only productivity traits, such as milk yield and quality, but also animal health, including fertility. This study aimed to compare the reproductive characteristics of bucks from the Saanen and Alpine breeds. Sperm concentration and motility were assessed using light microscopy, viability was determined using eosin-nigrosin staining, and morphological parameters were evaluated using the Spermac Stain method. DNA fragmentation was measured using the Halosperm kit. Artificial insemination of goats was conducted with fresh semen during natural estrus. Statistical analysis was performed using the Graph Pad Prism software. The results revealed that Alpine bucks exhibited significantly higher semen volume, sperm concentration, viability, and motility (P<0.05). No significant differences (P≥0,05) were observed between the breeds regarding the number of spermatozoa with normal morphology and the rate of DNA fragmentation. Cryobiological analysis of spermatozoa from Saanen bucks suggested a higher cryoresistance compared to the Alpine breed. Following artificial insemination of goats, the pregnancy rate for the Saanen breed was 61.8%, which was twice as high as that observed in Alpine goats — 28.8% (P<0.05). These findings demonstrate significant differences in reproductive characteristics between Saanen and Alpine goats. Despite superior sperm characteristics, the pregnancy rate after artificial insemination was significantly lower in the Alpine breed compared to the Saanen breed. Consequently, it is crucial to consider these variations in essential reproductive characteristics when implementing breeding programs and employing reproductive biotechnology in animal husbandry to ensure their successful application and effectiveness.
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