新型工业级磷石膏废料太阳能干燥器的年度性能评估

H. El-Ghetany, Sh. El Rafie, M.H. El-Awady, Randa M. Osman, Ahmed M. Awad Abouelata
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摘要

太阳能干燥被认为是干燥磷石膏 "脱水硫酸钙 "材料的最有前途的技术之一,它既是一种清洁能源,又可避免在露天垃圾填埋场干燥对环境造成的负面影响。 干燥后的磷石膏(PG)可回收利用,并可用于多种有用的用途。所介绍的梯形温室太阳能干燥器设计是白天利用太阳能进行干燥过程的最佳解决方案。通过显热太阳能热能存储,利用真空管太阳能集热器,该系统可在夜间、阴雨天使用。该系统可利用太阳能运行 24 小时。通过理论计算发现,由于传热机制的改善,干燥时间随着干燥盘中石膏层的减少而缩短。根据烘干盘上的石膏厚度,对所设计的太阳能烘干机进行了不同装载量的研究。容量分别为 8280 千克、6624 千克、4968 千克、3312 千克和 1656 千克,对应的石膏厚度分别为 5 厘米、4 厘米、3 厘米、2 厘米和 1 厘米。对全年各月不同石膏厚度下的日集水量和日含水量进行了估算。 结果表明,容量为 1 656 公斤的太阳能干燥机在技术和经济上都是可行的。研究还发现,含水量的最大降幅出现在夏季,而最小值出现在冬季。 在石膏质量为 1 656 千克的情况下,石膏的含水量从初始值(35%)开始下降,在 4 种情况下达到最终值(10%):第一种情况,4 月至 9 月为 2 天,3 月至 11 月为 3 天,其他月份为 3 天以上,而最低含水量(即 20%)出现在 6 月的第一天。
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Annual Performance Evaluation of a Novel Industrial-Scale Solar Dryer for Phosphogypsum Waste
Solar drying is considered one of the most promising technologies for drying the phosphogypsum “Calcium Sulfate Dehydrate” material as a clean source of energy and saving the environment from its negative impact if it is dried in an open landfill. The dried phosphogypsum (PG) may be recycled and utilized in many useful applications. The presented design of the trapezoidal-shaped greenhouse solar dryer is the preferable solution to perform the drying process in the daytime with solar energy. It may be usable at night, during cloudy and rainy periods, using evacuated tube solar collectors via sensible heat solar thermal energy storage. The system can be operated for 24 hours by solar energy. From theoretical calculations, it was found that the drying time decreased as the gypsum layer in the drying trays decreased due to the improvement of the heat transfer mechanism. The designed solar dryer was studied at various loading capacities depending on the gypsum thickness on the dryer trays. Capacities were 8280 kg, 6624 kg, 4968 kg, 3312 kg, and 1656 kg, corresponding to gypsum thickness of 5 cm, 4 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm, and 1 cm, respectively. The daily collected amount of water and the daily moisture content were estimated with different gypsum thicknesses during all months of the year. It was found that the solar dryer with a capacity of 1,656 kg weight was technically and economically feasible. It was also found that the maximum reduction of moisture content occurred during the summer season, while the minimum values were achieved during winter. With a mass of gypsum equal to 1,656 kg weight, the moisture content of gypsum started to decrease from its initial value (35%) until it reached the final value (10%) in 4 scenarios: the first one, 2 days from April to September, 3 days from March to November, more than 3 days in other months while the minimum moisture content, i.e., 20%, was reported in the first day in June.
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